{"id":2442,"date":"2019-12-04T09:00:31","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T09:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.tetra.net\/en-en\/?p=2442"},"modified":"2019-12-04T09:00:35","modified_gmt":"2019-12-04T09:00:35","slug":"phosphorus-and-your-aquarium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.tetra.net\/en-en\/phosphorus-and-your-aquarium\/","title":{"rendered":"Phosphorus and your Aquarium"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Aquatic animals and plants held in\nponds or aquaria will have a significant effect on the chemical composition of\nthe water. One of the major trends that can be expected to occur in aquarium or\npond water is the accumulation of waste-derived chemicals. These may be in the\nform of toxic compounds such as ammonia which must be converted into a\nnon-toxic form or non-toxic compounds such as phosphate which can still cause\nother problems by encouraging the growth of unwanted algae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phosphorus is a vital biochemical.\nIt is part of bones (calcium phosphate), it is found in the subunit molecules\nthat make up DNA and is found in numerous other vital biochemicals. Plants\ncommonly contain 0.05 \u2013 0.5% of their dry weight as phosphorus and fish usually\ncontain a figure of 2 to 3% phosphorus or more. Phosphorus usually occurs in\nanimals and plants as phosphate (PO4<\/sub>3-<\/sup>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sources of phosphorus in ponds and aquaria:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main inputs of phosphorus\nin aquaria and ponds is fish food. Artificial diets like flake and pellet foods\nhave phosphorus concentration in the region of 1%, so after each feeding\nsession the amount of phosphorus cycling in the aquarium or pond will increase.\nAnimals and plants will both excrete phosphate into the water as they\nmetabolise. Another significant source of phosphorus into the water is the\nrupture of dead cells. Fish will be constantly sloughing dead cells into the\nwater, plants will release dead tissues into the water, where the cells will\nagain rupture and release their contents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the natural environment sources of\nphosphorus are primarily weathering of rocks and break down of sediments. This\nreleases phosphorus into the water and accounts for most of the global\nphosphate. Another significant source however is agricultural fertilisers,\nanimal manures and municipal sewage which both find their way into river\nsystems and thus eventually to the sea where it cycles between surface water\nand the sea bed sediments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phosphorus  in\nwater<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phosphorus will cycle through numerous\nforms in the water. Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus (DIP) is the most abundant\nform and is also known as Orthophosphate, reactive phosphate and phosphate.\nHere the phosphorus is dissolved in the water body usually as PO4<\/sub>3-<\/sup>,H2<\/sub>PO4<\/sub>–<\/sup> or HPO4<\/sub>2+<\/sup>.\nThe acidity of the water determines the proportion of these phosphorus species\nin the water. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another form of phosphorus in water\nis Dissolved Organic Phosphorous (DOP), and this accounts for the phosphorus\nbound to organic compounds dissolved in the water. Finally a significant\nproportion of the phosphorus will be bound to particulate matter in the\ndetritus and sediment, and this is known as Particulate Organic Phosphorus\n(POP). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Problems with phosphorus<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

None of the forms of DIP, DOP or POP\nare directly toxic to fish at normal conditions so phosphate is not a direct\nfish health concern. The problem with elevated levels of phosphate in aquarium\nor pond water is that it encourages algal growth. Phosphorus is required for\nplant growth, and excessive levels of phosphate can mean excessive growth of\nplant life. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In lakes and rivers the enrichment\nof the water with nutrients is termed \u2018eutrophication\u2019 and this can lead to\nheavy growth of algae or aquatic plants. These nutrients are mainly nitrate and\nphosphate, with phosphate being the limiting factor in freshwater environments.\nIn other words it is the presence of phosphate that triggers the plant growth,\nand it is phosphate that most commonly runs out first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because phosphate is a limiting\nnutrient in freshwater environments, freshwater algae and plants (macrophytes)\nhave evolved to be able to store phosphate inside their cells as Condensed\nInorganic Polyphosphates. This enables the plant or alga to use the stored\nphosphate when levels of DIP in the water have dropped to growth limiting\nlevels. This phosphate storage is known as \u2018luxury consumption\u2019 and may help to\nexplain why controlling algae in ponds or an aquarium is so considerably\ndifficult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In marine environments phosphorus\nlevels tend to be more stable. The level in natural seawater is around 0.07\nmg\/L, with higher levels recorded inshore due to pollution and river inputs.\nConsequently nitrogen tends to be the limiting nutrient in marine environments\nand marine algae are not quite so thrifty with their phosphorus. Marine\nseaweeds are known to excrete DIP and DOP into the water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The level of Phosphate in marine\naquaria is generally far higher than natural seawater so marine algae such as Caulerpa <\/em>may be adding to the overall\nphosphorus level as well as lowering it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Green seaweed (Ulva compressa)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Control of phosphorus \u2013 getting rid & preventing\naccumulation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The inputs of phosphorus in a pond\nor aquarium are primarily fish food, fish and plants. So surely the best way to\nkeep phosphate levels down is to reduce the amount of fish plants and food, but\nwhere is the fun in that!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The key to controlling phosphorus is\nto increase the outputs of phosphorus in the system so they are more balanced\nto the inputs. The most obvious way to lower phosphorus levels is to change a\nportion of the aquarium or pond water for fresh treated water that is free of\nphosphorus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Freshwater aquaria and ponds where\nhigher plant growth is encouraged should show a reduction in levels of DIP in\nthe water as the plants assimilate and grow. If the phosphorus demands of the\nhigher plants leave a surplus DIP then algal growth can be expected. Another\nway phosphate can leave the water is through aeration. When water is aerated\northophosphate becomes bound to dissolved organic compounds (DOC), in the\nwater. This DOC is attracted to the surface of air bubbles, (A process\nexploited by protein skimmers or foam fractionators), so as air bubbles rise to\nthe surface and burst the orthophosphate leaves the water via minute airborne\ndroplets of water known as an aerosol. One study showed how 90 % of the\northophosphate was removed from a sample of seawater after 24 hours of aeration\nwith an aquarium air pump.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using aeration or protein skimming\nin a marine aquarium is thus a useful and simple tool in phosphorus management.\nIt is unlikely that this technique would work as efficiently in freshwater as\nit forms and hold air bubbles less readily than seawater. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liquid additives can also be very\neffective at removal of phosphates from aquarium water, Tetra PhosphateMinus\ncan remove 2 mg\/l of phosphate when used as instructed and will cause no water\nclouding, KH reduction or pose any threat to aquarium inhabitants. Phosphate\nremoving chemical filter media are also very useful in removing DIP from the\naquarium or pond. These rely on a natural attraction for negatively charged phosphate\n(PO4<\/sub>3-<\/sup>), to positively charged molecules such as\naluminium or iron. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phosphorus becomes bound to organic\nmaterial as we have seen above. Also\na portion of the total phosphorus in a system will be Particulate Organic\nPhosphorus (POP), which will collect in the mulm or bottom detritus. The\nregular substrate cleaning in an aquarium or pond an efficient mechanical\nfiltration will also help to manage total phosphorus levels in the water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phosphate accumulation in\nfishkeeping systems is inevitable and significantly increases the risk of\ntroublesome algae growth. It should be tackled on numerous fronts, but limiting\ninputs through sensible feeding regimes of quality fish foods. Phosphate\nremovers are effective also, and higher plant or macroalgae growth will also\nhelp lock up phosphate out of reach of the algae.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aquatic animals and plants held in ponds or aquaria will have a significant effect on the chemical composition of the water. One of the major trends that can be expected to occur in aquarium or pond water is the accumulation of waste-derived chemicals. These may be in the form of toxic compounds such as ammonia […]\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2444,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-care"],"yoast_head":"\nPhosphorus and your Aquarium | Tetra Fishkeeper Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.tetra.net\/en-en\/phosphorus-and-your-aquarium\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Phosphorus and your Aquarium | Tetra Fishkeeper Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aquatic animals and plants held in ponds or aquaria will have a significant effect on the chemical composition of the water. 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