{"id":3888,"date":"2024-02-14T08:30:04","date_gmt":"2024-02-14T08:30:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.tetra.net\/ro-ro\/?p=3888"},"modified":"2024-02-14T08:35:55","modified_gmt":"2024-02-14T08:35:55","slug":"pestele-clovn-e-capabil-sa-numere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.tetra.net\/ro-ro\/pestele-clovn-e-capabil-sa-numere\/","title":{"rendered":"Pe\u0219tele clovn e capabil s\u0103… numere? Afl\u0103 ce spun ultimele cercet\u0103ri \u2611"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Simpaticul Clown fish \/ Amphiprion ocellaris<\/em>, care folose\u0219te anemonele \u2013 Heteractis magnifica<\/em> – pe post de ad\u0103post (de unde i se trage \u0219i denumirea de \u201dpe\u0219tele anemon\u0103\u201d), este foarte apreciat printre iubitorii vie\u021buitoarelor subacvatice. Cu toate acestea, personalitatea sa real\u0103 nu este apropiat\u0103 de cea a \u00eendr\u0103gitului personaj din filmul produs de studiourile Pixar. Dac\u0103 pe\u0219tii clovn se simt ataca\u021bi de al\u021bi pe\u0219ti din aceea\u0219i specie, dar care nu fac parte din \u201dga\u0219ca\u201d lor, \u00ee\u0219i vor ap\u0103ra vehement \u0219i chiar agresiv teritoriul, percep\u00e2ndu-i pe ceilal\u021bi drept inamici. Cercet\u0103ri de dat\u0103 recent\u0103, care au fost publicate la \u00eenceputul lunii februarie \u00een \u201dThe Journal of Experimental Biology<\/a>\u201d, sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 pe\u0219tii clovn pot recunoa\u0219te pe\u0219tii pe care nu-i doresc \u00een preajm\u0103 pe baza num\u0103rului de dungi albe de pe corpurile acestora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen literatura de specialitate exist\u0103 descrieri a 28 de specii de pe\u0219ti anemon\u0103 care tr\u0103iesc \u00een apele mai calde ale Oceanului Indian \u0219i Pacific (\u00een special \u00een zonele Fiji \u0219i Tonga). Ace\u0219ti pe\u0219ti au circa 10 \u2013 11 cm lungime \u0219i maximum trei dungi albe le br\u0103zdeaz\u0103 corpul. Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au observat c\u0103 pe\u0219tele clovn permite altor pe\u0219ti anemon\u0103 s\u0103-i \u201dviziteze\u201d casa \u00eens\u0103, dac\u0103 un membru al propriei specii care nu face parte din colonia sa \u00eei invadeaz\u0103 teritoriul, cel mai mare pe\u0219te sau pe\u0219tele alfa \u00eel va urm\u0103ri \u0219i chiar \u00eel va mu\u0219ca pe intrus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"pe\u0219tele<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Num\u0103rarea dungilor<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a determina modul \u00een care pe\u0219tii aleg pe cine las\u0103 (sau nu) \u00een preajma \u201dcasei\u201d, o echip\u0103 de la Institutul de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie din Okinawa\/Japonia a efectuat dou\u0103 experimente cu pe\u0219ti clovn tineri, puiet care nu a atins maturitatea (Amphiprion ocellaris) crescu\u021bi \u00een laborator, care nu mai v\u0103zuser\u0103 vreo alt\u0103 specie. Echipa a \u00eenregistrat reac\u021biile pe\u0219tilor cu privire la intru\u0219ii din propria specie \u0219i din alte specii de pe\u0219ti anemon\u0103 (inclusiv Clarke Fish\/Amphiprion Clarkii, Yellow Clown Fish\/Amphiprion sandaracinos, Saddleback Clownfish\/Pe\u0219tele clov cu \u0219a\/Amphiprion polymnus).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen primul experiment, cercet\u0103torii au plasat \u00een interiorul acvariului cu pe\u0219ti clovn, un recipient transparent \u00een care se reg\u0103seau mai multe specii de pe\u0219ti anemon\u0103 care aveau un num\u0103r diferit de dungi albe \u0219i au urm\u0103rit c\u00e2t de des \u0219i c\u00e2t de mult se uitau pe\u0219tii clovn la \u201dintru\u0219i\u201d \u0219i dac\u0103 \u00eencercuiau recipientul. Au descoperit c\u0103 erau duri mai ales cu pe\u0219tii din aceea\u0219i specie\/ Amphiprion ocellaris<\/em> (cu trei dungi albe pe corp). De asemenea, s-au \u201dr\u0103zboit\u201d cu circa 80% dintre pe\u0219tii afla\u021bi \u00een recipient timp de p\u00e2n\u0103 la trei secunde, \u0219i au stat \u00een gard\u0103 timp de 11 secunde \u00een fa\u021ba unui singur pe\u0219te. Intru\u0219ii din alte specii nu au fost la fel de r\u0103u privi\u021bi. De exemplu, cu Yellow Clown Fish care nu are dungi laterale, ci doar una alb\u0103 \u0219i lung\u0103 de-a lungul spatelui, abia dac\u0103 s-au confruntat. Potrivit echipei de cercet\u0103tori, Clarke Fish \u2013 care prezint\u0103 dou\u0103 dungi albe \u2013 \u0219i Clown Fish \u2013 cel cu trei dungi \u2013 au fost cei \u201dh\u0103r\u021bui\u021bi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen timpul celui de-al doilea experiment, cercet\u0103torii au ar\u0103tat pe\u0219tilor clovn mai multe discuri de plastic cu desene reprezent\u00e2nd pe\u0219ti anemon\u0103 cu colorit divers, scopul fiind acela de a m\u0103sura nivelul de agresiune fa\u021b\u0103 de pe\u0219tii fal\u0219i. La fel ca \u00een cazul pe\u0219tilor reali, modelele din plastic care aveau maximum dou\u0103 dungi albe, au fost atacate mai rar, iar cei f\u0103r\u0103 dungi abia au fost b\u0103ga\u021bi \u00een seam\u0103 de c\u0103tre tinerii pe\u0219ti clovn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit lui Kina Hayashi (ecologist & co-autor al studiului) rezultatele semnalate \u201dsugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 ace\u0219ti pe\u0219ti ar fi capabili s\u0103 numere dungile pentru a recunoa\u0219te intru\u0219ii\u201d.<\/em> Studiile anterioare au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 pe\u0219tii clovn reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 mai agresiv fa\u021b\u0103 de pe\u0219tii cu dungi verticale, comparativ cu cei cu dungi orizontale. Acest lucru a sugerat c\u0103 albul sau prezen\u021ba dungilor albe nu a fost neap\u0103rat un factor decizional pentru comportamentul pe\u0219tilor. Cu toate acestea, discurile de plastic folosite \u00een cel de-al doilea experiment \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219au pe\u0219ti cu dungi verticale f\u0103r\u0103 alte caracteristici fizice care s\u0103 le dea pe\u0219tilor clovn vreun indiciu cu privire la speciile pe care ei le v\u0103d. Cercet\u0103torii sunt de p\u0103rere c\u0103 pe\u0219tii clovn pot num\u0103ra dungile albe verticale cu scopul de a determina c\u00e2t de (ne)prieteno\u0219i s\u0103 fie fa\u021b\u0103 de respectivii pe\u0219ti (fal\u0219i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O ierarhie foarte strict\u0103<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Echipa de cercet\u0103tori a remarcat \u0219i c\u0103 ierarhia rigid\u0103 din cadrul coloniilor de pe\u0219ti clovn determin\u0103 care va fi pe\u0219tele ce va ataca intrusul. De obicei, o colonie s\u0103lbatic\u0103 este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 dintr-o femel\u0103 alfa, un mascul beta \u0219i c\u00e2\u021biva tineri\/pui gama. Pozi\u021bia social\u0103 este determinat\u0103 de diferen\u021bele foarte mici de m\u0103rime. Sexul joac\u0103 \u0219i el un rol interesant. To\u021bi pe\u0219tii clovn se nasc masculi, dar unii se vor transforma \u00een femele c\u00e2nd ajung la maturitate. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce ating dimensiunile specifice adul\u021bilor \u0219i sexul lor este determinat, pe\u0219tii anemon\u0103 vor dob\u00e2ndi \u0219i a treia (\u0219i ultima) dung\u0103 alb\u0103. Actualul alfa al unei astfel de colonii va alunga \u0219i membrii coloniei dac\u0103 ace\u0219tia devin prea mari, ca o modalitate de a men\u021bine status quo<\/em>-ul \u00een cadrul grupului. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pe\u0219tele<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chiar dac\u0103 acest studiu a folosit pe\u0219ti care nu s-au maturizat \u0219i care se aflau \u00eentr-un spa\u021biu creat \u00een laborator, echipa a observat aceea\u0219i ierarhizare bazat\u0103 pe dimensiune, la fel cum se petrece \u00een s\u0103lb\u0103ticie. Cel mai mare \u201dpe\u0219te minor\u201d din grup a preluat rolul alfa \u0219i a condus \u201datacul\u201d \u00eempotriva intru\u0219ilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dEste adev\u0103rat c\u0103 ace\u0219ti pe\u0219ti sunt fascinan\u021bi datorit\u0103 rela\u021biei lor unice \u0219i simbiotice cu anemonele, \u00eens\u0103 ce arat\u0103 studiul nostru e c\u0103 exist\u0103 multe alte lucruri pe care nu le \u0219tim despre via\u021ba \u00een ecosistemele marine, \u00een general\u201d<\/em>, noteaz\u0103 Kina Hayashi \u00eentr-un comunicat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referin\u021be:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

site-ul Popular Science<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dCounting Nemo: anemonefish Amphiprion ocellaris identify species by number of white bars<\/a>\u201d \u2013 Journal of Experimental Biology<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Simpaticul Clown fish \/ Amphiprion ocellaris, care folose\u0219te anemonele \u2013 Heteractis magnifica – pe post de ad\u0103post (de unde i se trage \u0219i denumirea de \u201dpe\u0219tele anemon\u0103\u201d), este foarte apreciat printre iubitorii vie\u021buitoarelor subacvatice. Cu toate acestea, personalitatea sa real\u0103 nu este apropiat\u0103 de cea a \u00eendr\u0103gitului personaj din filmul produs de studiourile Pixar. Dac\u0103 […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3891,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[163],"tags":[459,460,457,458,456],"class_list":["post-3888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pesti","tag-cercetari","tag-clown-fish","tag-curiozitati","tag-news","tag-pestele-clovn"],"yoast_head":"\nPe\u0219tele clovn e capabil s\u0103... numere? 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