<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nJapon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131, cinsine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yanlardan s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f uzun bir g\u00f6vdeye veya yuvarlak bir karn\u0131 olan k\u0131sa bir g\u00f6vdeye sahip olabilir. Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n her bir temsilcisinde, b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f solunga\u00e7 kapaklar\u0131, ilk y\u00fczge\u00e7lerinde sert \u00e7entikler ve yutakta di\u015fler; bo\u011fazda veya yutakta ek \u00e7eneler g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n pullar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 da cins \u00f6zelliklerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r; b\u00fcy\u00fck, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olabilir veya m\u00fcnferit b\u00f6lgelerde hi\u00e7 pul olmayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6vdesinde en yayg\u0131n renk k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-alt\u0131n rengidir. Ancak bronz, siyah, benekli, mavimsi, vb. di\u011fer renklere sahip formlar da vard\u0131r. Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karn\u0131 daima s\u0131rt\u0131ndan daha a\u00e7\u0131k renktedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\nJapon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nOlduk\u00e7a geni\u015f y\u00fczge\u00e7 varyasyonlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Kuyruk y\u00fczgeci tek par\u00e7a, \u00e7atall\u0131, pe\u00e7e \u015feklinde olabilir veya daha ba\u015fka s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fekle sahip olabilir. Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rt y\u00fczgeci k\u0131sa, t\u00fcl \u015feklinde olabilir veya hi\u00e7 olmayabilir. G\u00f6zleri b\u00fcy\u00fck ve biraz \u015fi\u015fkindir. Baz\u0131 cinslerde g\u00f6zler \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilir ve garip bir \u015fekle sahip olabilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130yi bak\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131nda yeti\u015fkin bir Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n minimum boyu nadiren 15 cm’den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. M\u00fcnferit cinsler 30 cm’ye kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilir. Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131, uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc bal\u0131k t\u00fcrleri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ortalama \u00f6m\u00fcrleri 13-15 y\u0131ld\u0131r. Akvaryumdaki ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi rekoru, 43 y\u0131l ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Tish isimli bir \u0130ngiliz Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131na aittir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131nda e\u015fey ayr\u0131l\u0131k belirgin de\u011fildir, di\u015fi ve erkek sadece yumurtlamaya haz\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde belirlenebilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\/ke\u015fif ge\u00e7mi\u015fi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nAntik \u00c7in’in sakinleri, \u00e7e\u015fitli varillerde ve f\u0131\u00e7\u0131larda yabani bal\u0131k besleme konusunda geni\u015f bir k\u00fclt\u00fcre sahiptiler. Periyodik olarak, daha sonra da \u00fcretme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak olan \u00e7ok g\u00fczel, parlak temsilcilere rastland\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, Budizm\u2019in yay\u0131lmas\u0131 da s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 formlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Budizm kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, fiziksel engelli olanlar dahil, bal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek kesinlikle yasakt\u0131. Do\u011fal nedenlerle \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131 \u00f6zel \u201cmerhamet g\u00f6letlerine\u201d yerle\u015ftirildiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\nBudist Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6letteki Japon bal\u0131klar\u0131. Kyoto, Japonya<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nIII-IV. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda \u201cK\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Sazanlardan\u201d yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bahsedilmektedir. Bunlar, muhtemelen, g\u00f6vde rengi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 olan g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f sazan\u0131n m\u00fcnferit mutasyonlar\u0131yd\u0131. Bu t\u00fcr bal\u0131klar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 epizodik bir \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131r. Karakteristik kal\u0131c\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renk, b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla VII-VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131llardaki \u00fcretme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak elde edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan sonra, Japon bal\u0131klar\u0131 yayg\u0131n evcil hayvanlar haline gelmi\u015ftir. O zamanlar, \u00f6zel g\u00f6letler ve havuzlar kurmak i\u00e7in yeterli alana sahip olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in sadece zengin insanlar bunlar\u0131 besleyebiliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zamanla, Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131na talep artt\u0131, fiyatlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve yava\u015f yava\u015f \u00c7in’deki bir\u00e7ok evde s\u0131radan evcil hayvanlar haline geldiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bal\u0131klar ilk ba\u015flarda Hindi\u00e7in’de yay\u0131ld\u0131, XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Japonya’ya geldiler. Yerel yeti\u015ftiriciler, \u00e7ok say\u0131da yeni Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc yaratt\u0131lar ve bu alanda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f liderler haline geldiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 Avrupa’ya ilk olarak XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda geldiler. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, maliyetleri \u00e7ok y\u00fcksekti ve sadece \u00e7ok zenginler Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 beslemeyi g\u00f6ze alabiliyordu. Y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra, Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa’da geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rusya’da Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair ilk kan\u0131tlar XV-XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131llardan kalmad\u0131r, bunlar genellikle yabanc\u0131 el\u00e7ilerden gelen hediyelerdi. Ancak bal\u0131klar\u0131n geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7ar Aleksey Mikhailovich ve daha sonra o\u011flu I. Pyotr d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde akvaryumcular i\u00e7in, \u00f6zel bal\u0131k \u00e7iftliklerinde (\u00f6zellikle G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00fclkelerinde) yeti\u015ftirilen \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcrleri mevcuttur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Ya\u015fam alan\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u015eu anda mevcut olan Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f sazan yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin bir sonucu olduklar\u0131ndan, bunlara do\u011fal ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131nda rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Do\u011fal bir g\u00f6lete sal\u0131nan Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yavrular\u0131 genellikle birka\u00e7 nesil i\u00e7inde ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki formlar\u0131na d\u00f6nerler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Carassius auratus), \u00c7in’de G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Sazandan yapay olarak elde edilen bir sazan formudur. “Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131” (alt\u0131n renkli sazanlar) hakk\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zlere ilk kez \u00c7in’in kronolojik kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda rastlan\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn do\u011fal ya\u015fam alan\u0131 g\u00fcney \u00c7in vilayetlerinin nehirlerini i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Sazan (eskiden Carassius auratus, \u015fu anda Carassius gibelio) Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n vah\u015fi atalar\u0131n\u0131n formudur; ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Orta Asya ve Sibirya su k\u00fctlelerinde ve Aral Denizi nehirlerinin ak\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlerinde yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Sazan daha sonra Avrupa ve Sibirya’n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok su k\u00fctlesinde yapay olarak yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bitkiler, art\u0131klar, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kabuklular ve b\u00f6cekler bu bal\u0131klar i\u00e7in besindir. XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda, \u00f6nce Japonya ve \u00c7in’e ihra\u00e7 edilmi\u015f, burada bu \u0130mparatorluk bah\u00e7elerini s\u00fcslemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\nG\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Sazan (Carassius gibelio). T\u00fcm Japon bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n atas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nBaz\u0131 su k\u00fctlelerinde, yaln\u0131zca akraba bal\u0131k t\u00fcrlerinin (K\u0131z\u0131lg\u00f6z, Alt\u0131n Sazan, Lin, Kadife Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00c7apak Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131, Sazan ve di\u011ferleri) erkekleriyle yumurtlayan di\u015fi Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda, yak\u0131n t\u00fcrlerin spermleri yumurtalar\u0131n geli\u015fimini uyar\u0131r, melezler olu\u015fmaz ve yavrular\u0131n aras\u0131nda mevcut pop\u00fclasyonu destekleyen birka\u00e7 di\u015fi \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alt\u0131n ve G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Sazan d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f bak\u0131m\u0131ndan benzerdir. Baz\u0131 su k\u00fctlelerinde, bu t\u00fcrler bir arada ya\u015far. Bu durumda, Alt\u0131n Sazan kademeli olarak G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Sazanla yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmektedir. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve Alt\u0131n Sazan \u00e7aprazlanabilir ve baz\u0131 su k\u00fctlelerinde rastlanan melezleri verebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Akvaryum Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal \u00e7evreye giri\u015fi sorunlu bir husustur. \u00d6yle ki Avustralya’da, baz\u0131 akvaryumcular bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlara ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda zengin bir yem taban\u0131na sahip do\u011fal su k\u00fctlelerine b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Bu bireylerin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1,9 kg a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu durumda, Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 su k\u00fctlesinin geri kalan sakinleri i\u00e7in bir tehdit olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r; y\u00fcksek bitkileri ve su yosunlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zla yemi\u015fler, b\u00f6ylelikle yem k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015flar, di\u011fer bal\u0131klar\u0131n yumurtalar\u0131n\u0131 yok etmi\u015fler ve enfeksiyon yaym\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>T\u00fcrleri<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nJapon bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretilmi\u015f t\u00fcrlerinin say\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r, \u015fu anda 300’den fazlad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k farkl\u0131 melezleme ve dikkatli se\u00e7im ile elde edilmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcnferit t\u00fcrler, bal\u0131klar\u0131n korkun\u00e7 ko\u015fullarda beslenmesiyle elde edilmi\u015ftir: a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 n\u00fcfusa sahip akvaryumlar, nadiren de\u011fi\u015ftirilen \u00e7ok s\u0131cak su, do\u011fal y\u00fcksek proteinli yemlerle yo\u011fun besleme. Bu, daha sonra se\u00e7ilim yoluyla peki\u015ftirilen genetik de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7in \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015f ve Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karn\u0131n\u0131n \u015fi\u015fmesine neden olan enfeksiyon salg\u0131nlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, 4 ana t\u00fcr olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur: Ryukin, Vakin, Ranchu ve Teleskop, modern \u00e7e\u015fitlerin t\u00fcm\u00fc bunlar\u0131n varyasyonlardan elde edilmi\u015ftir. Seleksiyonla \u00fcretilen t\u00fcm Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131, uzun g\u00f6vdeliler (Kuyruklu Y\u0131ld\u0131z, Vakin, vb.) ve k\u0131sa g\u00f6vdeliler (Teleskop, Oranda, vb.) olmak \u00fczere iki b\u00fcy\u00fck gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130lk grup ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 formuna en yak\u0131n olan\u0131d\u0131r, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar genellikle y\u00fczge\u00e7lerinin \u015feklinde ve boyutlar\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130kinci gruptaki t\u00fcrler, bal\u0131klar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6vdesini etkileyen \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fikliklere maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm organlar\u0131nda ciddi de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, bu t\u00fcr formlar\u0131n ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yukar\u0131 do\u011fru bakan g\u00f6zlere sahip t\u00fcrlerin yeti\u015ftirilmesi Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 seleksiyonunda ilgin\u00e7 bir y\u00f6nelimdir. Bu, bal\u0131k yerle\u015ftirmeye ili\u015fkin tarihi geleneklerle ili\u015fkilidir. Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa’da yan taraftan ve Asya \u00fclkelerinde de yukar\u0131dan izleme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Yayg\u0131n Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Common Goldfish)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nBu t\u00fcr, do\u011fal forma, yani G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Sazana en yak\u0131n olan\u0131d\u0131r ve asl\u0131nda sadece rengi farkl\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6vdesi uzun, rengi parlak, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-turuncudur. Nadiren siyah benekleri olan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-siyah ve beyaz alacal\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlerine de rastlan\u0131r. Pullar\u0131 belirgin bir metalik parlakl\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kuyruk y\u00fczgeci tek par\u00e7a ve k\u0131sad\u0131r. Kar\u0131n ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs e\u015fle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fczmesi i\u00e7in ferah bir alan gerekir, bu nedenle akvaryumun uzun olmas\u0131 tercih edilir. 30 cm’ye kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyi ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda 10 ila 30 y\u0131l ya\u015fayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\nYayg\u0131n Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Teleskop Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Telescope Goldfish)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nTeleskop, Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n en pop\u00fcler ve s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinden biridir. \u0130lk \u00f6rnekleri XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7in’de \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir, bundan sonra bayra\u011f\u0131 Japonya devralm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Teleskoplar bir\u00e7ok al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k e\u015f anlaml\u0131 isimlere sahiptir. Y\u00fckselen G\u00fcne\u015fin \u00dclkesinde (Japonya), bal\u0131k genellikle Demekin olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok Asya \u00fclkesinde Ejderha Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya Ejderha G\u00f6z\u00fc ad\u0131na rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130simler kendilerini yans\u0131t\u0131r ve bal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fini, yani \u00f6zel yuvalar \u00fczerine oturmu\u015f olan ve kafatas\u0131ndan biraz uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f son derece geli\u015fmi\u015f g\u00f6zleri vurgular. Geriye kalan k\u0131sm\u0131, \u00e7atall\u0131 bir kuyruk y\u00fczgecinin oldu\u011fu standart k\u0131sa g\u00f6vdeli Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Gen\u00e7lerde karakteristik \u015fi\u015fkin g\u00f6zlerin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunlar\u0131n, do\u011fumdan itibaren ancak alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir. Baz\u0131 Teleskoplarda, saplar\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 2 cm’ye ula\u015fabilir. \u015eu anda, teleskoplarda \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6z tipleri vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kubbe \u015feklindeki g\u00f6zler, yar\u0131 k\u00fcreseldir, k\u0131smen \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yapar (Dome Eyes).<\/li> D\u00fcz g\u00f6zler, d\u00fcz bir y\u00fczeyi olan silindirik bir \u015fekle sahiptir (Flat Eyes).<\/li> G\u00f6zler tamamen \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yapar ve bir k\u00fcreyi and\u0131r\u0131r (Globe Eyes).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n\u00c7ok say\u0131da renkli formu ve \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r. Tamamen siyah renkli bireyler \u00f6zellikle de\u011ferlidir. ABD’de genellikle Siyah Ma\u011fribi (Black Moor Goldfish) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda, siyah renkte ve uzun kuyruklu s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir Teleskop \u00e7e\u015fidi elde edilmi\u015ftir. “Moskoval\u0131 Siyah Teleskop” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya genelinde pop\u00fcler olmu\u015ftur. 1941’de amat\u00f6r bir akvaryumcu olan Andrianov, parlak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6zleri olan siyah bir Teleskop elde etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTeleskop Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>“Kelebek Kuyruk” Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Goldfish Butterfly tail)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nT\u00fcr yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 y\u0131l \u00f6nce sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bir \u00e7e\u015fit Teleskoptur. Yukar\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir kelebe\u011fin kanatlar\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131ran \u00e7ift kuyruklu y\u00fczgeci ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6zleri \u015fi\u015fkindir. \u00c7e\u015fitli renkleri vard\u0131r: \u00f6rne\u011fin, siyah-beyaz (“Panda”), k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve siyah benekli (“K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Panda”) vb. Akvaryumda beslerken keskin kenarl\u0131 dekorasyonlar olu\u015fturmay\u0131n, zira g\u00f6zleri ve kuyru\u011fu zarar g\u00f6rebilir. Boyu yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 cm’dir. \u00d6mr\u00fc 10-15 y\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nKelebek Kuyruklu Teleskop<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Vakin Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Goldfish Wakin)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nB\u00fcy\u00fck akvaryumlar ve s\u00fcs havuzlar\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r, 20 cm’ye kadar veya daha fazla b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Bu t\u00fcr, bir\u00e7ok Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 formunun atas\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren Japonya’da \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6vdesi torpido \u015feklinde, kuyru\u011fu \u00e7atall\u0131d\u0131r. B\u0131y\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 ile Koi Sazanlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Kuyruk y\u00fczgecinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de rengidir: beyaz bir arka plan \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-turuncu veya sar\u0131 benekler. Parlak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli olanlar\u0131n en de\u011ferli cinsler oldu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir. Akvaryumda 20 y\u0131la kadar ya\u015fayabilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Torba G\u00f6zl\u00fc Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Goldfish Bubble Eye)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nJapon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n en s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinden biridir. G\u00f6vdesi yumurta \u015feklinde, kuyru\u011fu \u00e7atall\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zelli\u011fi, g\u00f6zlerinin alt\u0131nda, yanlarda as\u0131l\u0131 olan s\u0131v\u0131 ile dolu iki baloncu\u011fun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar g\u00f6vdesinin \u00bc’ \u00fc boyuta kadar ula\u015fabilir. Renkleri \u00e7e\u015fitlidir, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 turuncu, alacal\u0131, siyah, pembe, vb. renklerdekilere rastlanabilir. Bu baloncuklar ya\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f gen\u00e7 Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131nda olu\u015fur. G\u00f6zler yukar\u0131 y\u00f6ndedir, s\u0131rt y\u00fczgeci yoktur. Akvaryumda beslerken s\u0131v\u0131yla dolu olan torbalar\u0131n\u0131n patlayabilece\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Daha sonra iyile\u015firler, ancak boyut olarak farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilirler. Buna ek olarak, yarada enfeksiyon olu\u015fabilir, bu nedenle Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in keskin kenarlar\u0131 olmayan dekorasyonlar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir. Torba G\u00f6zl\u00fc Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7ok hassast\u0131r; bakteriyel ve fungal hastal\u0131klara yatk\u0131nd\u0131rlar. Maksimum boyu 13 cm’ye kadar, \u00f6mr\u00fc 15 y\u0131la kadard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTorba G\u00f6zl\u00fc Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Pe\u00e7eli Kuyruk Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Veiltail Goldfish)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nFormlar\u0131n en g\u00fczel t\u00fcrlerinden biridir, ancak bak\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan spesifik \u00f6zellikleri olan, kaprisli bir Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fi y\u00fczge\u00e7lerdir. Bunlar uzun ve incedir, b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlara ula\u015f\u0131rlar ve bir duvak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler. G\u00f6vde k\u0131salm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, kar\u0131n yuvarlakt\u0131r. Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rt y\u00fczgeci iyi geli\u015fmi\u015ftir, 6 cm\u2019ye kadar ula\u015fabilir. Kuyruk ve anal y\u00fczgeci \u00e7atall\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli renklerine rastlan\u0131r: beyaz, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-turuncu, alacal\u0131, vb. Baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klara meyillidir. Pe\u00e7eli Kuyruk Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczge\u00e7 kesesiyle ilgili bir\u00e7ok sorun \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu durum, seleksiyonun, k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6vdesi olan bireyleri se\u00e7me yoluyla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, t\u00fcm i\u00e7 organlar da de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan y\u00fczge\u00e7 kesesi bazen i\u015flevlerini yerine getiremeyebilir. Pe\u00e7eli Kuyruk Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n pe\u00e7e kuyruklar\u0131n\u0131n zarif kuyruk y\u00fczgeci onlar\u0131n hem gururu ve hem de y\u00fck\u00fcd\u00fcr: yaralanmaya \u00e7ok m\u00fcsaittir, bakteriyel ve fungal enfeksiyonlar i\u00e7in \u00fcreme alan\u0131 olabilir. Akvaryumda 18 cm’ye kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcrler ve ortalama 10-15 y\u0131l ya\u015farlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\nPe\u00e7eli kuyruk Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>\u0130nci Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Goldfish Pearlscale)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nNispeten daha yeni bir t\u00fcr olan bu Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir) neredeyse m\u00fckemmel k\u00fcre \u015feklinde bir g\u00f6vdeye sahiptir. Ba\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve dard\u0131r. G\u00f6vdedeki pullar koyu bir kontura sahiptirler ve damlac\u0131klara benzeyen taraftan kontrast olarak g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131rlar. \u0130nci Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn renginin klasik varyant\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-turuncudur, ancak sat\u0131\u015fta geni\u015f bir renk yelpazesi bulabilirsiniz: mavi, siyah, \u00e7e\u015fitli renk s\u0131\u00e7ramalar\u0131 olan beyaz. Oranda\u2019dakine benzer \u015fapkalara sahip t\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r. Akvaryumda bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n boyutu 10 cm’yi ge\u00e7mez. Olduk\u00e7a dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir cins olarak kabul edilir. Ancak bak\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yava\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve beceriksizli\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r; bu Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yemini bulamayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0130nci Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Celestial Eye Goldfish)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nBu Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir ad\u0131 da G\u00f6ksel G\u00f6z’d\u00fcr. T\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6zelli\u011fi s\u0131rt y\u00fczgecinin hi\u00e7 olmamas\u0131 ve sadece bir farkla (g\u00f6zleri yukar\u0131 do\u011fru y\u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir) Teleskopun g\u00f6zlerine benzer \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6zlerinin olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7in’de elde edilmi\u015f, y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra Japonya’ya getirilmi\u015ftir, burada da yerel yeti\u015ftiriciler Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc modern standartlara getirmi\u015ftir. K\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yumurta benzeri bir g\u00f6vdeye sahiptir. Anal ve kuyruk y\u00fczge\u00e7leri \u00e7atall\u0131d\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 renk varyasyonu vard\u0131r: siyah, turuncu, gri, vb. G\u00f6rme organlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel yap\u0131s\u0131, beslenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 gerektirmektedir: akvaryumda keskin kenarl\u0131 dekorasyonlar kullan\u0131lamaz ve kom\u015fu olarak g\u00f6zlerine zarar verebilecek aktif bal\u0131klar se\u00e7ilemez. Bal\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6zlerinin gen\u00e7liklerinde normal konumda olmas\u0131, ancak b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e mutasyona u\u011framas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 bir fenomendir. Akvaryumdaki bal\u0131klar\u0131n boyu 13 cm’yi ge\u00e7mez.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAstrolog Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Kuyruklu Y\u0131ld\u0131z Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Goldfish Comet)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nT\u00fcr, torpido benzeri bir g\u00f6vdeye, uzun y\u00fczge\u00e7lere ve derin \u00e7atall\u0131, uzun tek par\u00e7a bir kuyru\u011fa sahiptir. Klasik Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n daha da geli\u015fmi\u015f halidir. ABD’de \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir ve en dayan\u0131kl\u0131 formlardan biridir. Kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z i\u00e7in, 40 litre hacimden ba\u015flayan uygun bir akvaryum sa\u011flamak gerekir. Daha uzun bir form daha iyidir: Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok aktif olarak y\u00fczmeyi sever. S\u0131\u00e7ramaya meyillidir, bu nedenle akvaryum bir kapakla kapat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Klasik renk kombinasyonu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve beyazd\u0131r, ancak g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, sedef, beyaz vb. renklerdeki formlar\u0131na rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bak\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortalama boyu 10 cm\u2019yi bulabilir, \u00f6mr\u00fc-14-15 y\u0131la kadard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nKuyruklu Y\u0131ld\u0131z Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Nanjing<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nBu Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc, XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Japon yeti\u015ftiriciler taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla bir zamanlar devletin eski ba\u015fkenti olan, \u00c7in’in b\u00fcy\u00fck liman kenti Nanjing ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in orijinal dam\u0131zl\u0131klar da bu \u015fehirden Japonya’ya ihra\u00e7 edilmi\u015ftir. O zamanlar, \u00fclkeye gelen herhangi mal\u0131 geldi\u011fi \u015fehrin ad\u0131yla adland\u0131rmak yayg\u0131n bir uygulama oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, Nanjing ad\u0131 da Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131na eklenmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, bu bal\u0131klar\u0131 Japonya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sat\u0131n almak \u00e7ok zordur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fclkenin h\u00fck\u00fcmeti t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6zel olarak korunan t\u00fcrler aras\u0131na sokmu\u015f ve bu da ihracatta keskin bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe neden olmu\u015ftur. Nanjing yumurtaya benzeyen bir g\u00f6vdeye, \u00e7atall\u0131 k\u0131sa kuyru\u011fa sahiptir. S\u0131rt y\u00fczgeci yoktur. Ortalama g\u00f6vde uzunlu\u011fu 13 cm’dir. Klasik rengi, y\u00fczge\u00e7leri ve ba\u015f\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 olmak \u00fczere bak\u0131r-k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Geleneksel Nanjing temelinde, s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 isimleri olan iki varyasyon ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r “beyaz \u00f6rdek yumurtas\u0131” (g\u00f6vdesi tamamen beyaz, y\u00fczge\u00e7leri pembemsi, solunga\u00e7 kapaklar\u0131 ve y\u00fczge\u00e7lerin tabanlar\u0131 parlak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r) ve “siyah ejderha yumurtas\u0131” (kadifemsi siyah renklidir, g\u00f6zleri \u015fi\u015fkindir ve ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde nas\u0131r\u0131ms\u0131 bir “\u015fapka” vard\u0131r).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Oranda Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Oranda Goldfish)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n“Oranda” Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karakteristik \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6vdesinin ana renginden farkl\u0131 renkteki k\u00f6selemsi bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r (bir \u015fapkaya benzer). Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn 3-4 ay\u0131 boyunca bu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yat\u0131k durumdad\u0131r ve olu\u015fumu iki y\u0131lda tamamlan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca solunga\u00e7 kapaklar\u0131nda da \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar vard\u0131r. Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6vde \u015fekli farkl\u0131 olabilir: Japonlar daha uzun bireyleri tercih ederler, \u00c7in’de de k\u0131sa beyaz \u00e7e\u015fitleri pop\u00fclerdir. Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karn\u0131 yuvarlakt\u0131r, y\u00fczge\u00e7leri net bir \u015fekilde \u00e7atall\u0131 ve genellikle \u00e7ok uzundur. \u00c7ok geni\u015f bir aral\u0131kta renk varyasyonlar\u0131 vard\u0131r: k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, siyah, mavi ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli kombinasyonlar\u0131. “K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131” varyasyonu farkl\u0131d\u0131r; g\u00f6vdesi tamamen beyaz, ba\u015f\u0131ndaki yumru parlak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. “Oranda” Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131na Do\u011fuda \u00e7ok de\u011fer verilir, bunlar ayr\u0131ca “su \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri” olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lgin\u00e7 melezleri vard\u0131r, \u00f6rne\u011fin, Ejderha G\u00f6z\u00fc Oranda, bu cins, Oranda’n\u0131n g\u00f6vdesine ve Teleskopunkine benzer g\u00f6zlere sahiptir. Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 su kalitesine kar\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a duyarl\u0131d\u0131r, bu nedenle bak\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda su parametrelerinin d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol edilmesi gereklidir. “\u015eapkan\u0131n” engebeli y\u00fczeyi kirlenmeye kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r; kir, k\u0131vr\u0131mlar aras\u0131na girerek bal\u0131kta enfeksiyona neden olabilir. Do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f filtreleme, Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 beslerken ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n anahtar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nOranda Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Oranda Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Redcap Oranda Goldfish)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nOranda Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f varyasyonudur. V\u00fccut k\u0131salm\u0131\u015f, kar\u0131n yuvarlakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, y\u00fczge\u00e7ler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7atall\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6vde rengi beyazd\u0131r. Ba\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde parlak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve nas\u0131r\u0131ms\u0131 bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn 3-4 ay\u0131 boyunca yat\u0131k durumdad\u0131r ve maksimum boyutuna bal\u0131k 2 ya\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde ula\u015f\u0131r. Oranda Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 su kalitesine ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 duyarl\u0131d\u0131r. Akvaryumda 15-20 cm boya ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nOranda K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Ponpon Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Gyroshima)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nPonpon \u015fu anda m\u00fcnferit bir t\u00fcr olarak de\u011fil, Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 \u00fcreme t\u00fcrlerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilen bir \u00f6zellik olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, 1987’de benzer \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip olan bal\u0131klar\u0131n iki ana gruba ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir: Japon Ponponlar\u0131 (s\u0131rt y\u00fczgeci olan t\u00fcrler buna dahildir) ve \u00c7in Ponponlar\u0131 (s\u0131rt y\u00fczgeci olmayan cinsler). Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 grup adlar\u0131n\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r: burun kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (normal durumda bunlar fark edilmez) ve a\u011fz\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekil ve boyutlarda, ancak ponponlar\u0131 \u00e7ok and\u0131ran kabar\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar olu\u015ftururlar. Bunlar k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, beyaz, kahverengi ve mavi olabilirler. Ponponlar\u0131n\u0131n rengi g\u00f6vdenin ana renginden farkl\u0131 olan bireyler en de\u011ferliler olarak kabul edilir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki bu bal\u0131klar di\u011fer t\u00fcrler kadar pop\u00fcler de\u011fildir, ancak onlara Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 erbaplar\u0131n\u0131n akvaryumlar\u0131nda rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\nG\u00f6ksel G\u00f6z Ponpon Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Ranchu Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Ranchu Goldfish)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nBu t\u00fcr Japonya ve \u00c7in’de en pop\u00fcler olanlardan biridir. Ranchu devasa, k\u0131sa, yuvarlak bir g\u00f6vdeye sahiptir. S\u0131rt\u0131 geni\u015ftir, kuyru\u011fa do\u011fru g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde kavislidir. Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu t\u00fcr\u00fc genel olarak “Aslan Ba\u015f\u0131”na \u00e7ok benzer, ancak Aslan Ba\u015f\u0131 daha geli\u015fmi\u015f bir kuyruk y\u00fczgecine ve daha d\u00fcz bir s\u0131rta sahiptir. Kuyru\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr, bazen birka\u00e7 par\u00e7aya ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n klasik ve en pop\u00fcler rengi, benekli beyaz g\u00f6vde ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kafa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcr XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda Y\u00fckselen G\u00fcne\u015fin \u00dclkesinde (Japonya) yeti\u015ftirildi ve ilk ba\u015fta, ahududu meyvesinin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131ran ba\u015f yumrular\u0131 yoktu. Sonraki melezlemeler ve se\u00e7im, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k cins standard\u0131na atanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, Ranchu ve Aslan Ba\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcrlerini \u00e7ok yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, baz\u0131 durumlarda hangi bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kesin olarak hangi t\u00fcre ait oldu\u011funu belirlemek \u00e7ok zordur. Besleme i\u00e7in bir t\u00fcr akvaryumu en iyisidir. G\u00f6vdesinin al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k \u015fekli Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n su kolonunda aktif olarak y\u00fczmesine izin vermez, bu nedenle aktif akraba t\u00fcrlerle bir arada beslemek i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fildir. Ranchu Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesinden ho\u015flanmaz, bu nedenle s\u00fcs havuzlar\u0131nda beslenmesi \u00f6nerilmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\nRanchu Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Aslan Ba\u015f\u0131 Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Lionhead Goldfish)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nRanchu t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok an\u0131msatmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6vde k\u0131sa ve yuvarlakt\u0131r. Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kafas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kaplayan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar vard\u0131r. Bunlar g\u00f6zleri, burun deliklerini ve a\u011fz\u0131 tamamen kapatabilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcktedir. Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015flerinin aslan ba\u015f\u0131na benzemesinden dolay\u0131 bu ad\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli renklerine rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, mavi, siyah ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da kombinasyon. Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 su parametrelerine kar\u015f\u0131 duyarl\u0131d\u0131r, keskin kenarl\u0131 dekorasyonlar kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Aslan Ba\u015f\u0131 yava\u015ft\u0131r, aktif bal\u0131k cinsleriyle bir arada beslenirse besinsiz kalabilir. Akvaryumda ortalama boyu 13 cm’ye kadard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAslan Ba\u015f\u0131 Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Su Perisi Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Fantail Goldfish)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nBu s\u00fcs Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131, s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00e7e\u015fitli sergilere konuk olurlar. Su Perileri, \u00f6ncelikle b\u00fcy\u00fck kuyruk y\u00fczge\u00e7leriyle ay\u0131rt edilirler. Yukar\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7gen gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen tamamen \u00e7atall\u0131 bir kuyru\u011fa sahip olanlar en de\u011ferli bireylerdir. Anal y\u00fczge\u00e7 benzer \u015fekilde \u00e7atall\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-turuncu renkli Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 en pop\u00fcler olanlar\u0131d\u0131r, ancak daha ba\u015fka renklerde formlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek s\u00fcs niteliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Su Perileri olduk\u00e7a dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Hem akvaryumda hem de yaz aylar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00fcs havuzlar\u0131nda beslenebilirler. Bu bal\u0131klar i\u00e7in kademeli olarak 4-5\u00b0C’ye kadar s\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fleri bile korkutucu de\u011fildir. Su Perilerinin akvaryumdaki ortalama b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 10-15 cm’dir. Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Japonya formu Ryukin ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Ryukin Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Ryukin Goldfish)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nRyukin t\u00fcr\u00fc (ayn\u0131 zamanda Riukin \u015feklinde de yaz\u0131labilir) Japon yeti\u015ftiriciler taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sim “Ryukyu Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131” olarak terc\u00fcme edilir; daha sonraki se\u00e7im i\u00e7in temel olan ilk formlar bu ismi ta\u015f\u0131yan tak\u0131madalardan gelmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131yla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, s\u0131rt\u0131nda, karakteristik bir e\u011frinin- ba\u015ftan s\u0131rt y\u00fczgecine kadar uzanan bir ibi\u011fi olan yo\u011fun k\u0131sa g\u00f6vdesiyle farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130bik, kesinlikle dikey olmal\u0131 ve g\u00f6vdenin 1\/3 y\u00fcksekli\u011fine ula\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Roma lejyonerlerinin kasklar\u0131ndaki ibi\u011fe \u00e7ok benzer. Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kuyruk y\u00fczgeci \u00e7atall\u0131d\u0131r, di\u011fer y\u00fczge\u00e7lerinin u\u00e7lar\u0131nda kavisler vard\u0131r. Bireyin de\u011feri, en az bunlar kadar, y\u00fczge\u00e7lerinin uzunlu\u011funa da ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Tek renkli veya benekli bireyler vard\u0131r. Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6letlerde beslenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\nRyukin Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Jikin Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Goldfish Jikin)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nJapon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n en s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinden biridir. Ryukin’in akrabas\u0131d\u0131r ve yuvarlak karn\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u0131sa g\u00f6vdesini ondan miras alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuyruk y\u00fczgecinin yap\u0131s\u0131 ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. D\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve arkadan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Latince “X” harfine benzemektedir. \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fulan \u00fclkelerde “Tavusku\u015fu kuyru\u011fu” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ikinci bir ender emaresi, rengidir. G\u00f6vdenin beyaz arka plan\u0131nda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 lekeler vard\u0131r ve bunlar kesinlikle belirli yerlerde bulunmaktad\u0131r: a\u011f\u0131z, y\u00fczge\u00e7ler, kar\u0131n, anal ve s\u0131rt solunga\u00e7 kapaklar\u0131, kuyruk, anal y\u00fczgecin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki alan. Bu renk referans olarak kabul edilir, ancak \u00fcretmede bu t\u00fcr bireyleri elde etmek son derece zordur. Bu nedenle, yeti\u015ftiriciler genellikle hile yaparlar: fazla pigmentler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r ve eksik olanlar enjeksiyonlarla eklenir. Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortalama boyu 15 cm’ye kadard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Tosakin Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Tosakin Goldfish)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nT\u00fcr, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Japonya’da yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir, ancak bir y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra neredeyse unutulmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015ftur. Bir s\u00f6ylentiye g\u00f6re bunun nedeni, t\u00fcr\u00fcn eyaletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre terk etmemesiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sonunda, eyaletin topraklar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bombard\u0131mana maruz kalm\u0131\u015f ve 1946’da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir deprem ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu olaylar\u0131n bir sonucu olarak, neredeyse t\u00fcm Tosakinler yok olmu\u015ftur. Ancak, koleksiyoncu Hiro Tomura tesad\u00fcfen Kochi \u015fehrinin restoranlar\u0131ndan birinde kurtulan alt\u0131 bireyi bulmu\u015f ve bir \u015fi\u015fe alkolle takas etmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece t\u00fcr\u00fc kurtarmay\u0131 ve daha sonra yenilemeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tosakinlerin t\u00fcr \u00f6zelli\u011fi, kuyru\u011fun \u00f6zel \u015feklidir. Tamamen kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve yukar\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda neredeyse d\u00fcz bir daire \u015feklindedir. Bu bal\u0131klar \u00f6zellikle yukar\u0131dan izlemek i\u00e7in \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6vde k\u0131sa, yumurta \u015feklindedir. Renk, \u00e7e\u015fitli kombinasyonlarda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, turuncu ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f olabilir. Bu Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa g\u00f6vdesi nedeniyle olduk\u00e7a beceriksizce y\u00fczer. Bak\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda akvaryumda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ak\u0131\u015f olmamas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTosakin Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Shubunkin Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Shubunkin Goldfish)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nDo\u011fal formun bir ba\u015fka yak\u0131n akrabas\u0131d\u0131r, dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve beslenmesinde \u00e7ok ilgi istememe \u00f6zelli\u011fini do\u011fal formdan miras alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6vdesi torpido \u015feklindedir, kuyruk y\u00fczgeci tek par\u00e7a ve \u00e7atall\u0131d\u0131r. Bu Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok alacal\u0131 renktedir: beyaz bir arka plan \u00fczerinde, \u00e7e\u015fitli renklerde b\u00fcy\u00fck lekeler ve g\u00f6vdenin her yerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck benekler olabilir. Akvaryumda boyu 10 cm’den fazla olabilir. S\u00fcs g\u00f6letlerinde beslenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130ngiltere’de elde edilen Shubunkin’in \u2013 Bristol Shubunkin (Goldfish Bristol Shubunkin)- \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 bir renk varyasyonu vard\u0131r. Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 modifiye edilmi\u015f bir kuyruk y\u00fczgecine sahiptir; yuvarlakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve kalp \u015feklini and\u0131r\u0131r. Pullar\u0131n ana rengi mavidir, renkli lekeleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nShubunkin Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Bak\u0131m ve Besleme<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nJapon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beslemek i\u00e7in geni\u015f bir akvaryum gereklidir. Bu, bal\u0131klar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutta (baz\u0131 bireyler 20-30 cm’ye kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilir) ve aktif olmalar\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6nerilen minimum hacim, birey ba\u015f\u0131na 50 litredir. En fazla 50 cm y\u00fcksekli\u011fe sahip klasik dikd\u00f6rtgen akvaryumlar tercih edilir. Kuyruklu Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar gibi uzun g\u00f6vdeli Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131, uzunlamas\u0131na bir akvaryum i\u00e7in daha uygundur: b\u00f6ylece aktif bir \u015fekilde y\u00fczmek i\u00e7in daha fazla alana sahip olacaklard\u0131r. Zemin olarak, yuvarlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015flar\u0131 kullanmak en iyisidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 kazmay\u0131 \u00e7ok severler. Bal\u0131klar\u0131n yutamayaca\u011f\u0131 boyuttaki \u00e7ak\u0131llar se\u00e7ilmelidir. Bir akvaryum tasarlarken, mutasyona u\u011frat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zleri olan baz\u0131 Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n (Teleskoplar, Astrologlar, Su Perileri) g\u00f6rme organlar\u0131n\u0131n kolayca zarar g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r, bu nedenle dekor keskin y\u00fczlere sahip olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 suyun t\u00fcm katmanlar\u0131nda y\u00fczer.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAkvaryumdaki Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nJapon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 akvaryumlar\u0131n “pasakl\u0131lar\u0131” olarak nam yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r ve bunda da hakl\u0131l\u0131k pay\u0131 vard\u0131r; bal\u0131klar aktif ve olduk\u00e7a oburdurlar. Suya bir\u00e7ok at\u0131k yayarlar ve ayr\u0131ca topra\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli kazarak tortular\u0131 y\u00fckseltirler. Bu nedenle bu bal\u0131klar i\u00e7in iyi filtreleme ve havaland\u0131rma \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Su ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kutulu harici filtreler kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir. Filtre s\u00fcngerlerinin ve \u00f6zel substratlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan nitrifikasyon bakterileri, bal\u0131k i\u00e7in tehlikeli olan amonya\u011f\u0131 neredeyse g\u00fcvenli bir nitrat haline getirir. Modern kompres\u00f6rler hem bal\u0131klar hem de onlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131 i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 olan bakteriler i\u00e7in gerekli olan do\u011fru miktarda oksijenle suyu zenginle\u015ftirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Suyu d\u00fczenli olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi unutmamak gereklidir: suyun %25-30’unu her hafta taze suyla de\u011fi\u015ftirmek gerekir, bu zararl\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin suda birikmesine imkan vermeyecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 so\u011fuk su t\u00fcrlerine aittir. Bu, bak\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in en uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaz aylar\u0131nda 18-23\u00b0C ve k\u0131\u015f\u0131n 15-18\u00b0C olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bir\u00e7ok Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131, yaz aylar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k havada s\u00fcs g\u00f6letlerinde sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fayabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 beslerken, bir termoreg\u00fclat\u00f6r kullan\u0131lmak gerekmeyebilir. Su sertli\u011fi 8-25\u00b0 dGH, asitlik 6.0-8.0 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buradan, Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a dayan\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli su parametrelerinde ya\u015fayabildi\u011fi sonucu \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Modern \u00fcreme t\u00fcrlerinin su parametrelerine daha duyarl\u0131 oldu\u011funa dikkat edilmelidir. Bu nedenle bak\u0131mlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6nerileri dikkatle yerine getirmek en do\u011frusu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gerekli oldu\u011funda Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in tuz eklenebilir (5-7 g\/l), sudaki tuz oran\u0131ndaki hafif bir art\u0131\u015fa kolayl\u0131kla dayan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Su bitkilerinin narin yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 koparma iste\u011fi, Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131na do\u011fal formdan miras olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, akvaryumda beslerken, sert yaprakl\u0131 veya h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen t\u00fcrler (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Anubias, Elodea, Vallisneria Devi ve baz\u0131 Kriptokorinler) kullanmak iyi olacakt\u0131r. Akvaryum bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n topra\u011f\u0131 kazmaya \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatmak gerekir. Bu nedenle bitkilerin ekilmesi gerekir, b\u00f6ylece hayvanlar\u0131n k\u00f6klere ula\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131 olmaz. Akvaryumcular \u00e7o\u011funlukla tercihlerini yapay bitkilerden yana kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Uyumluluk<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nJapon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 beslemek i\u00e7in en uygunu bir t\u00fcr akvaryumu olacakt\u0131r, yani ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrden bir bal\u0131k s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc uygun hacme sahip bir kaba koymak iyi olacakt\u0131r. Uzun ve k\u0131sa g\u00f6vdeli t\u00fcrlerin kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n daha iyi olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak gereklidir. Uzun g\u00f6vdeli \u00e7e\u015fitler daha aktiftir ve kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczge\u00e7lerine veya g\u00f6zlerine zarar verebilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Di\u011fer t\u00fcrlerle birle\u015ftirmenin zorlu\u011fu, so\u011fuk su bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n (Japon) ve tropik bal\u0131klar\u0131n (di\u011fer s\u00fcs bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu) s\u0131cakl\u0131k optimallerindeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kinci grup i\u00e7in tercih edilen su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 24-28\u00b0C’dir. Bu, s\u0131cak suda \u00e7ok rahat edemeyen Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nT\u00fcr akvaryumundaki Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nAkvaryumcunun, Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer t\u00fcrlerle birlikte beslemeye karar vermesi durumunda, Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yiyebilece\u011fi \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bal\u0131klar kom\u015fu olarak se\u00e7ilmemelidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir\u00e7ok barbus t\u00fcr\u00fc gibi, y\u00fczge\u00e7leri \u0131s\u0131rabilecek olan aktif bal\u0131klar iyi bir se\u00e7im olmayacakt\u0131r. Kuyruklu Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar gibi t\u00fcrler orta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki sald\u0131rgan olmayan \u00c7iklitlerle bir arada ya\u015fayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Beslenme<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nJapon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 hep\u00e7il (omnivor) t\u00fcrlere dahildir. Bu, beslenmelerinde hem hayvansal hem de bitkisel bile\u015fenlerin bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bal\u0131klar yemek konusunda ilgi istemezler ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yemi yiyebilirler: kuru, canl\u0131, dondurulmu\u015f. Bitkisel besleme olarak, y\u00fcksek miktarda spirulina i\u00e7eren kuru yemler ve bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra y\u00fczen bitkiler (su mercime\u011fi, tungsten, riccia) kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Baz\u0131 akvaryumcular Japon bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 p\u00fcre ile beslerler: irmik, bu\u011fday, pirin\u00e7, vb. Ancak bu t\u00fcr \u00fcr\u00fcnler su kalitesinin bozulmas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\nJapon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n beslenmesi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nJapon bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 beslemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan kuru g\u0131da, tamamen dengeli, besleyici olmal\u0131, iyi sindirilmelidir. \u0130yi sindirme \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemlidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sindirilmemi\u015f maddeler bal\u0131k at\u0131klar\u0131yla birlikte suya girer ve toksik azotlu bile\u015fiklerin birikmesine neden olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tetra, Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki b\u00fcy\u00fck pop\u00fclaritesini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak, Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in Tetra Goldfish ad\u0131nda \u00f6zel yemler \u00fcretmektedir. Hatta, \u00fcretim \u015fekli ve ek \u00f6zellikleri ile ay\u0131rt edilen 10’dan fazla yem \u00e7e\u015fidi tedarik edilmektedir. T\u00fcm yemler Clean & Clear Water form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir: yem bile\u015fenleri iyi emilir, bu da bal\u0131k d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve akvaryum suyunun daha uzun s\u00fcre temiz ve berrak kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tetra Goldfish (Granules), her t\u00fcr Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in temel yemdir. Pullar ve y\u00fczen gran\u00fcller \u015feklinde mevcuttur. Optimal olarak se\u00e7ilen bile\u015fim, bal\u0131klar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirir.<\/li> Tetra Goldfish Pro, daha fazla besin ve vitamin tasarrufu sa\u011flayan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k teknolojisi ile \u00fcretilen yenilik\u00e7i bir yemdir. Cips \u015feklindeki yemde, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015feritte besleyici elementler, ortadaki sar\u0131 \u015feritte do\u011fal rengi artt\u0131rmak ve kas geli\u015fimini desteklemek i\u00e7in kril bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/li> Tetra Goldfish Colour (Sticks), do\u011fal renk art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lara sahip, son derece besleyici bir yemdir ve Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerini t\u00fcm ihti\u015fam\u0131yla g\u00f6stermesini sa\u011flar. Pullar ve y\u00fczen gran\u00fcller \u015feklinde \u00fcretilir.<\/li> Tetra Goldfish Gold Japan, t\u00fcm \u00fcreme bal\u0131klar\u0131 (Orandalar, Teleskoplar Ryukinler, vb.) i\u00e7in birinci s\u0131n\u0131f bir gran\u00fcl yemdir. Mini gran\u00fcller suda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yumu\u015far ve dibe yava\u015f yava\u015f iner, bu da Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n dipte yem bulma al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. Do\u011fal karotenoidler bal\u0131klar\u0131n rengini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir. Optimum sindirim sa\u011flayan bitki proteinleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengindir.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\nJapon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcnde birka\u00e7 kez, bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n birka\u00e7 dakika i\u00e7inde yiyebilece\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck porsiyonlarla beslemek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>\u00dcreme<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nJapon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n ilk y\u0131l\u0131nda cinsel olarak olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olur. Bununla birlikte, yeti\u015ftiricilerin \u00fcreme se\u00e7imi i\u00e7in en iyi ya\u015f 2 ile 4 ya\u015f aras\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u015fi ne kadar ya\u015fl\u0131 olursa, o kadar \u00e7ok yumurtlayabilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bireyler 3000 yumurta b\u0131rakabilir. Yumurtlama y\u0131lda birka\u00e7 kez olabilir. \u00dcreme formlar\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015ftirilmesinde, dam\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n kalitesine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verilmelidir: t\u00fcr standard\u0131na maksimum uyumu olan mevcut en iyi bireyler se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Japon bal\u0131klar\u0131nda e\u015fey ayr\u0131l\u0131k belirgin de\u011fildir. Erke\u011fi ve di\u015fiyi belirlemek ancak \u00e7iftle\u015fme d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. Bu, do\u011fal ko\u015fullarda ilkbahar\u0131n sonunda (Nisan-May\u0131s) olur. Yumurtlama i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131k s\u0131ras\u0131nda hem erkeklerin hem de di\u015filerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fir: solunga\u00e7 kapaklar\u0131nda, t\u00fcberk\u00fcller olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yuvarlak \u015fekilli k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sedefli yumrular bulunabilir ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs y\u00fczge\u00e7lerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck testere benzeri \u00e7entikler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yumurtlamaya haz\u0131r olan di\u015fi Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n karn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcr, erkekler s\u00fcrekli olarak di\u015fileri takip eder, onlar\u0131 yo\u011fun bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne s\u00fcr\u00fckler ve an\u00fcs deli\u011fi b\u00f6lgesine karakteristik darbeler vururlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yumurtlama i\u00e7in, iyi bir havaland\u0131rmaya ve ayd\u0131nlatmaya sahip 40 litrelik bir akvaryum uygundur. Su seviyesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 cm olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Dam\u0131zl\u0131klar genellikle kendi yumurtalar\u0131n\u0131 yerler. Bu nedenle, alttan 1-2 cm y\u00fckseklikte b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u00fccreli bir \u0131zgara kurmak veya akvaryumda ya\u015fayan bitkilerin yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak \u00f6nerilir. S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck su de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri (1\/3) yumurtalama i\u00e7in te\u015fvik edicidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yumurtalar yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 mm boyutundad\u0131r, ilk ba\u015fta sar\u0131ms\u0131 tonlara sahip yar\u0131 saydam renktedirler. B\u0131rak\u0131lan yumurtalar birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra solgunla\u015f\u0131r ve ay\u0131rt edilmesi zor hale gelir. D\u00f6llenmemi\u015f olanlar mantarla kaplan\u0131r ve beyazla\u015f\u0131r. Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n enfekte olan yumurtalar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 yumurtalar, \u00f6rne\u011fin metilen mavisi gibi bir antifungal ajan ile tedavi edilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bitkilerin aras\u0131nda hareketsiz bir \u015fekilde as\u0131l\u0131 duran ve yumurta sar\u0131s\u0131 keseden beslenen larvalar yumurtadan 2 ila 6 g\u00fcnde \u00e7\u0131kar. Genellikle ba\u015f yukar\u0131 pozisyondad\u0131rlar. Kulu\u00e7ka s\u00fcresi su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve ayd\u0131nlatmaya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Besin kayna\u011f\u0131 t\u00fckendikten sonra Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yavrular\u0131 y\u00fczme balonunu havayla doldurmak i\u00e7in su y\u00fczeyine do\u011fru y\u00fczer ve daha sonra yatay bir pozisyon alma imkan\u0131na kavu\u015furlar. Yavrular daha sonra yiyecek bulmak i\u00e7in aktif olarak hareket etmeye ba\u015flar. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yemi olarak, napuliuslar, artemialar, rotiferalar veya “canl\u0131 toz” ve bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra y\u00fcksek kaliteli kuru yavru yemleri kullan\u0131labilir. Yavrular\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k, g\u00fcnde 3-6 kez beslemek gereklidir. B\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e, besleme say\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yavrular\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki rengi, atas\u0131n\u0131n yani g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f sazan\u0131n rengine \u00e7ok benzer. T\u00fcr rengi gen\u00e7lerde 2-3 ayl\u0131k olduklar\u0131nda kendini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e, gerekli d\u0131\u015f emarelere g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma yapmak gerekir. Asl\u0131nda, yavrularda morfolojik \u00f6zelliklere g\u00f6re ay\u0131rma \u00e7ok s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve baz\u0131 durumlarda yavrular beklenen cins \u00f6zelliklerine sahip de\u011fildir. Bu t\u00fcr “temizlikler”, standartlara uymayan bireyleri itlaf etmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Buna ek olarak, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, akvaryumu bo\u015faltmaya ve yavrular\u0131n \u201cs\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u00f6nlemeye de yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Safkan Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yavrular\u0131 su kalitesine \u00e7ok duyarl\u0131d\u0131r ve baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klara yatk\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu nedenle yeti\u015ftirme akvaryumunun durumunu kesinlikle izlemek gerekir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Carassius auratus) en pop\u00fcler akvaryum sakinleri listesinde hakk\u0131yla ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 alan en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcs bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Genel bilgiler Japon Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Alt\u0131n Bal\u0131k) ad\u0131n\u0131, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, pullar\u0131n\u0131n rengi nedeniyle alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; g\u00f6vdesinin standart rengi, genellikle metalik \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 alt\u0131n rengidir. Ayr\u0131ca, bal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fclkemize yeni geldikleri zamanlarda fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 nedeniyle alt\u0131n s\u0131fat\u0131yla nitelendirildiklerine dair […]\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":14078,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[168],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-balik"],"yoast_head":"\n
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