<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nAilenin b\u00fcy\u00fck temsilcileri eski zamanlardan beri yerel halk aras\u0131nda bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ke\u015ffedilen ilk Botia t\u00fcrlerinden biri Botia macracantha olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrlerin tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 XIX y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda (1852) \u00fcnl\u00fc Hollandal\u0131 Bal\u0131k bilimci Peter Blekker yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bal\u0131k t\u00fcr s\u0131fat\u0131 olan “maracanth”\u0131 (palya\u00e7o), parlak ve s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 rengi ve \u00e7ok ne\u015feli mizac\u0131 nedeniyle alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra t\u00fcrler Avrupa’ya getirilmi\u015f, burada akvaristler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sevilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Botia Morleti, 1855’ten beri akvaryum merakl\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra, 1865’te g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ok pop\u00fcler bir t\u00fcr olan Botia Modesta ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1920 y\u0131l\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde pop\u00fcler olan birka\u00e7 akvaryum bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn daha ke\u015ffedilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir: Botia Yo-Yo ve Zebra Botia olarak da bilinen \u00c7izgili Striata Botia.<\/p>\n\n\n\nZebra Botia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u0421\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0431\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0432 2004 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0431\u043e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0448\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenli olarak yeni Botia t\u00fcrleri bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, son zamanlarda, 2004’te Satran\u00e7 Botia tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nSatran\u00e7 Botia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nAyn\u0131 zamanda \u0130sve\u00e7li Bal\u0131kbilimci Morris Kotelata, Makrakanta Botiay\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir cins olan Chromobotia’ya tahsis etmeyi \u00f6nermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00f6ylelikle, \u015fimdilerde bilim sadece Botialar hakk\u0131nda bilgi biriktirmektedir ve belki de gelecekte bu grubun taksonomisindeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler bizi bekliyor. Akvaristlerin bu harika bal\u0131klar\u0131n yeni renkli t\u00fcrlerinin eri\u015fmeleri de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Ya\u015fam alan\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nAilenin en pop\u00fcler temsilcisi Borneo ve Sumatra adalar\u0131n\u0131n endemi\u011fi Makrakanta Botiad\u0131r. Nemli ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda akan nehir alanlar\u0131n\u0131 tercih eder. Ya\u011fmur mevsiminde yumurtlama i\u00e7in nehirlerin \u00fcst ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 g\u00f6zlenir. Bu nedenle, bal\u0131k \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli su parametrelerinde ve kalitesinde ya\u015fayabilir. Tipik bir biyotopta \u00e7ok say\u0131da a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fct\u00fckleri, a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00f6kleri, su bitkileri bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Botia Yo-Yo\u2019lar, Pakistan ve Kuzey Hindistan’\u0131n sakinleridir. Kayal\u0131k dipleri ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131 olan nehirlerde ya\u015far.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Botia Modesta ve Botia Morleti, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’n\u0131n (Tayland, Laos, Kambo\u00e7ya, Vietnam) bir\u00e7ok modern \u00fclkesinde ya\u015far. B\u00fcy\u00fck nehirlerin kanal\u0131nda ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 mevsimde su basm\u0131\u015f olan k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015farlar. Orta derecedeki ak\u0131mlar\u0131 tercih ederler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Botsia Berdmore k\u00f6keni g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Myanmar’\u0131n ve Hindistan’\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r eyaletlerinden gelmektedir. Irrawadi, Sitan, Ataran nehirlerinde ve di\u011fer nehirlerde bulunmu\u015ftur. Yava\u015f akan su k\u00fctlelerini tercih eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Botsia Pulchra, \u00c7in’in g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda, n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funun en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu illerden ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da sanayi kurulu\u015fundan ge\u00e7en Zhujiang (\u0130nci) Nehri havzas\u0131nda ya\u015far. \u00dcretimden kaynaklanan \u015fiddetli kirlilik nedeniyle, do\u011fal bireyleri sadece ak\u0131\u015f \u00fczerinde bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaplan Botia (Botia Berdmorei), Kalimantan ve Sumatra adalar\u0131n\u0131n nehirlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Malezya Yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n nehirlerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Nehirlerde ve g\u00f6llerde ya\u015far, dipte bol miktarda a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fct\u00fcklerinin oldu\u011fu su bitkilerinin yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tercih ederler. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, insano\u011flunun ekonomik faaliyetleri nedeniyle, do\u011fal pop\u00fclasyonlar neredeyse hi\u00e7 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Botia Histrionica, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya k\u00f6kenli Botialar\u0131n bir ba\u015fka temsilcisidir. Myanmar, Hindistan ve \u00c7in topraklar\u0131ndan akan Irrawadi Nehrinin havzas\u0131nda ya\u015far. Dibi kum-\u00e7ak\u0131l olan bol miktarda a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fct\u00fcklerinin oldu\u011fu temiz suyu tercih eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Cinsler<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Makrakanta ya da Palya\u00e7o (Botia Chromobotia macracantha)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nBotia ailesinin en bilinen t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Akvaryumlarda 15-20 cm’ye kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcr. G\u00f6vde rengi geni\u015f s\u0131ral\u0131 siyah ve turuncu dikey \u00e7izgilerle temsil edilir. Cinsel dimorfizm belirgin de\u011fildir. Tek ba\u015f\u0131na beslendi\u011finde sald\u0131rganl\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir, bu nedenle en az 5 bireyden olu\u015fan bir s\u00fcr\u00fc halinde beslenmesi tavsiye edilir. Bu say\u0131daki bal\u0131k i\u00e7in 350 litrelik bir akvaryuma ve y\u00fcksek kaliteli, ancak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmayan filtrasyona ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. \u0130nce \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015flar\u0131 veya kum en uygun zemin topra\u011f\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Orant\u0131l\u0131 boyuttaki bal\u0131klarla iyi ge\u00e7inirler. Kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n uzun y\u00fczge\u00e7lerini \u0131s\u0131rabilirler. Akvaryumda ta\u015f ve a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fct\u00fcklerinden \u00e7ok say\u0131da bar\u0131nak olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 tercih edilir. Akvaryumda \u00fcreme zordur, hormonal enjeksiyonlar gereklidir. Dip bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yemleri, dondurulmu\u015f motel ve artemia ile beslenir, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yumu\u015fak\u00e7alar\u0131 gayet iyi bir \u015fekilde yer (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Melania). Bitki bile\u015fenine sahip yemlerin eklenmesi \u015fartt\u0131r, aksi takdirde Botialar akvaryumdaki canl\u0131 bitkilere zarar verebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yeti\u015ftirme i\u00e7in optimum su parametreleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ns\u0131cakl\u0131k = 24-30\u00b0C
<\/span> Botia Yo-Yo (Botia almorhae)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nBal\u0131k ortalama boydad\u0131r, g\u00f6vde uzunlu\u011fu genellikle 15 cm’yi ge\u00e7mez. G\u00f6vdesi mermer desenlerine sahiptir: A\u00e7\u0131k renkli bir arka plan \u00fczerinde d\u00fczensiz \u015fekilli \u015feritlerden olu\u015fan koyu renkli bir deseni vard\u0131r. Cinsel dimorfizm belirgin de\u011fildir. Besleme i\u00e7in 200 litreden ba\u015flayan hacimde bir akvaryum gereklidir. Zemin topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kum ve \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fmas\u0131 iyi olacakt\u0131r. Akvaryuma e\u011frelti otlar\u0131 ve yosunlarla kapl\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131n ve a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fct\u00fcklerinin yerle\u015ftirilmesi tavsiye edilir. Do\u011fal ak\u0131\u015fl\u0131 su k\u00fctlelerinin sakinleri olarak, bu bal\u0131klar y\u00fcksek su kalitesini severler. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ak\u0131m olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmez, \u00e7ok parlak bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k da tercih edilmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Botia Yo-Yo\u2019lar 5 bireyden olu\u015fan gruplar halinde beslemek iyi olacakt\u0131r (hem erkekler hem de di\u015filer olmal\u0131d\u0131r). Daha az say\u0131da ya\u015famalar\u0131 halinde, akrabalar\u0131na ve akvaryumun di\u011fer sakinlerine kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131rganl\u0131klar\u0131 keskin bir \u015fekilde artar. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlu ve iyi geli\u015fmi\u015f pe\u00e7e y\u00fczge\u00e7leri olan bal\u0131klar, Botialar i\u00e7in iyi kom\u015fular olmayacaklard\u0131r; di\u011fer bal\u0131klar\u0131n y\u00fczge\u00e7lerini kolayl\u0131kla \u0131s\u0131rabilirler. T\u00fcrler beslenme konusunda kaprisli de\u011fildirler: dip bal\u0131klar\u0131na \u00f6zel tabletleri (\u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek miktarda spirulina i\u00e7eren) gayet iyi bir \u015fekilde yerler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yeti\u015ftirme i\u00e7in optimum su parametreleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nS\u0131cakl\u0131k = 19-27\u00b0CBotia Yo-Yo (Botia almorhae)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Mavi Botia \/ Botia Modesta (Yasuhikotakia modesta)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nGenel akvaryumlarda beslemek i\u00e7in en iyi adaylardan biridir. Sakin bir mizaca sahiptir. Maksimum boyu 25 cm’ye kadard\u0131r. Gri-mavi bir g\u00f6vdesi vard\u0131r; iyi bir besleme ile bundan parlak mavi bir renk elde edilebilir. Y\u00fczge\u00e7leri ve kuyru\u011fu turuncu renktedir. Cinsel dimorfizm a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde belirgin de\u011fildir, di\u015fileri tan\u0131mlamak zordur. 5 bireyden olu\u015fan s\u00fcr\u00fcler halinde beslenmesi iyi olacakt\u0131r. Tek ba\u015f\u0131na beslendiklerinde Mavi Botialar kom\u015fular\u0131yla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girebilir ve pe\u00e7e y\u00fczge\u00e7leri \u0131s\u0131rabilirler. Minimum s\u00fcr\u00fcler i\u00e7in kumlu zemine sahip 200 litrelik bir akvaryum gereklidir. Parlak ayd\u0131nlatma olu\u015fturulmamal\u0131d\u0131r, g\u00f6lgeye dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bitkileri se\u00e7mek iyi olacakt\u0131r. Su oksijen bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin ve temiz olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130yi filtrasyon ve haftal\u0131k su de\u011fi\u015fimi \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Beslenmelerinde hayvansal k\u00f6kenli yiyecekler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Dip bal\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in kaliteli tablet yiyecekler en iyi se\u00e7enek olacakt\u0131r. Hormon preparatlar\u0131 kullanmadan do\u011fal \u00fcreme zordur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yeti\u015ftirme i\u00e7in optimum su parametreleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nS\u0131cakl\u0131k = 23-28\u00b0CMavi Botia (Yasuhikotakia modesta)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Botia Morleti<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nBu bal\u0131k ayr\u0131ca \u015eeritli Botia ve Kokarca Botia isimleri alt\u0131nda da bulunabilir. Bu ismi \u00f6zel renkleri nedeniyle alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6vdesinin ana rengi beyazd\u0131r, alt\u0131n tonlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Gen\u00e7 bireylerin g\u00f6vdeleri boyunca koyu renkli dikey \u00e7izgileri vard\u0131r, yeti\u015fkin bal\u0131klarda s\u0131rtlar\u0131n\u0131n her taraf\u0131na giden tek bir tane \u00e7izgi kal\u0131r ve kuyruk y\u00fczgecinin etraf\u0131nda bir t\u00fcr “kemer” olu\u015fur. Botian\u0131n parlak bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc yoktur, ancak beslenmesi olduk\u00e7a basittir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130yi ko\u015fullarda bal\u0131k 7-8 cm’ye kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Bir di\u015fiyi bir erkekten ay\u0131rt etmek zordur. Besleme i\u00e7in 100 litreden ba\u015flayan hacimde bir akvaryum gereklidir. Zemin topra\u011f\u0131 olarak, kum veya ince yuvarlakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015flar\u0131 en uygun se\u00e7enek olacakt\u0131r. Kayalardan ve a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fct\u00fcklerinden olu\u015fan bar\u0131naklar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r, akvaryuma g\u00f6lgeye dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bitkilerin (Java yosunu, Anubias vb.) yerle\u015ftirilmesi de tercih edilir. Botialar olduk\u00e7a aktif bal\u0131klard\u0131r ve akvaryumdan atlayabilirler, bu y\u00fczden akvaryumun bir kapakla \u00f6rt\u00fclmesi gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Besleme i\u00e7in en uygun Botia say\u0131s\u0131 10 birey olacakt\u0131r (en az 5). Bal\u0131k sakin bir karaktere sahiptir ve \u00e7o\u011fu bal\u0131kla sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7inir. Akvaryumun alt katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal eden benzer b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki bal\u0131klarla (\u00f6rne\u011fin koridorlarda) birlikte beslenmesi \u00f6nerilmez, bunlarla aralar\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hormon kullanmadan \u00fcreme imkans\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yeti\u015ftirme i\u00e7in optimum su parametreleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nS\u0131cakl\u0131k = 23-28\u00b0C
<\/span> Botia Berdmorei (Syncrossus berdmorei)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nBal\u0131klar \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 renklere sahiptir: sar\u0131 bir arka planda bir dizi tekd\u00fcze koyu renkli \u015ferit vard\u0131r. Gen\u00e7 bireylerde ya\u015fland\u0131k\u00e7a kaybolan siyah noktalar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kuyruk ve di\u011fer y\u00fczge\u00e7ler k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 bir renk tonuna sahiptir. Bu bal\u0131k, genellikle Kaplan Botia olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Botia Berdmorei akvaryumlarda 25 cm’ye kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcr, bu nedenle 5 bireyin bulundu\u011fu minimum bir s\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in en az 300 l’lik bir akvaryuma ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Zemin topra\u011f\u0131nda keskin ta\u015flar olmamal\u0131d\u0131r, kum veya ince \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015flar\u0131 kullanmak iyi olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7ok say\u0131da bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131n olmas\u0131 memnuniyet sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Akvaryuma e\u011frelti otlar\u0131 ve yosunlarla kapl\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131n ve a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fct\u00fcklerinin yerle\u015ftirilmesi \u00e7ok iyi olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlu bal\u0131klarla ve ayr\u0131ca uzun pe\u00e7e y\u00fczge\u00e7leri olanlarla (Betalar, Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131 vb.) uyumlu de\u011fildir. Yemleme zorluklara neden olmaz, Spirulina i\u00e7erikli batan tabletler iyi bir se\u00e7im olacakt\u0131r. Akvaryumda do\u011fal \u00fcreme m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc do\u011fal yumurtlama ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden yaratmak zordur: suyun hidrokimyasal parametrelerindeki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle birlikte mevsimsel g\u00f6\u00e7ler. Botialar hormonal enjeksiyonlar kullan\u0131larak \u00f6zel \u00e7iftliklerde yeti\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yeti\u015ftirme i\u00e7in optimum su parametreleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nS\u0131cakl\u0131k = 21-26 \u00b0CBotia Berdmorei (Syncrossus berdmorei)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Botia Pulchra (Sinibotia pulchra)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nBu bal\u0131\u011fa sat\u0131\u015fta “Alt\u0131n Zebra” Botia ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda rastlanabilir. \u0130ddias\u0131z ve bar\u0131\u015fseverdir, genel akvaryumlarda besleme i\u00e7in \u00e7ok uygundur. “Kaplan” rengindedir – d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc geni\u015f sar\u0131 ve kahverengi \u00e7izgiler. Akvaryumdaki boyu 8-10 cm’dir. Neredeyse hi\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f cinsiyet i\u015fareti yoktur. 3-4 bireyden olu\u015fan s\u00fcr\u00fcler halinde beslenmelidir. Minimum akvaryum hacmi 100 litredir. Kumlu toprak iyi bir se\u00e7im olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli bar\u0131naklar\u0131 ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc adalar\u0131n\u0131 unutmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yemi keyifle yerler. Beslenmeleri ne kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli olursa o kadar iyi olacakt\u0131r. Gizlenerek ya\u015farlar, ancak yemleme s\u00fcrecinde her zaman y\u00fczerler. Akvaryumda do\u011fal yavrular elde etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yeti\u015ftirme i\u00e7in optimum su parametreleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nS\u0131cakl\u0131k = 20-25 \u00b0C
<\/span> Kaplan Botia (Syncrossus hymenophysa)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nBu Botiaya merakl\u0131lar\u0131n akvaryumlar\u0131nda nadiren rastlan\u0131r. Bunun nedeni, bal\u0131klar\u0131n kavgac\u0131 bir mizaca sahip olmas\u0131 ve akvaryumdaki bir\u00e7ok kom\u015fusunu rahats\u0131z edebilecek olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Akvaryumdaki ortalama boyu 15-20 cm’dir, di\u015filer erkeklerden daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Yeti\u015fkin bir Botian\u0131n g\u00f6vdesinin rengi sar\u0131d\u0131r, koyu mavi renkte 10-13 enine \u015feritler vard\u0131r, kar\u0131n k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da benekle kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Gen\u00e7lerin rengi farkl\u0131d\u0131r: Kaplan Botian\u0131n yavrular\u0131 gri renktedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
300L hacimden ba\u015flayan bir akvaryumda 5-6 bireyden olu\u015fan s\u00fcr\u00fcler halinde beslemek iyi olacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6lgenin yetersiz olmas\u0131 durumunda akrabalar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlamak \u00f6nemlidir. Zemin topra\u011f\u0131 kumlu olmal\u0131, \u00e7ok say\u0131da bar\u0131nak kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Akvaryumdaki Kaplan Botialar bitki konsantresi i\u00e7eren dip yemlerini gayet iyi bir \u015fekilde yerler. Kaliteli bir havaland\u0131rmaya mutlaka \u015fartt\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda, Kaplan Botialar 30\u00b0C’ye kadar s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki \u0131l\u0131k suyu tercih ederler, s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a sudaki oksijen i\u00e7eri\u011fi azal\u0131r. Cinsel olgunluk 12 ayl\u0131kken olu\u015fur. \u00dcreme ancak hormonal enjeksiyonlarla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nS\u0131cakl\u0131k = 25-30 \u00b0CKaplan Botia (Syncrossus hymenophysa)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Botia histrionica<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAkvaryumdaki ilgin\u00e7 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayan g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren birka\u00e7 Botiadan biridir. G\u00f6vdesinin ana rengi g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fidir, koyu renkli enine \u015feritleri vard\u0131r, bu desenler uzaktan bak\u0131nca sekiz rakam\u0131na benzeyebilir. Olgunla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a \u015feritler de\u011fi\u015fir: alt k\u0131s\u0131mda tamamen kaybolur ve kuyruk y\u00fczgecinde iki tane g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn ay\u0131rt edici morfolojik \u00f6zelli\u011fi, “Y” harfine benzer karakteristik \u015feritlerdir. Akvaryumlarda v\u00fccut uzunlu\u011fu nadiren 15 cm’ye ula\u015f\u0131r. Besleme i\u00e7in 100 l hacimden bir ba\u015flayan akvaryum uygundur. S\u00fcr\u00fc bal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r, akvaryumda 5-6 bireyin olmas\u0131 tercih edilir. Botialar\u0131 beslemek i\u00e7in dip bal\u0131klar\u0131na \u00f6zel kaliteli yemler gereklidir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yemeye e\u011filimlidirler, bu nedenle yemin miktar\u0131 kesinlikle ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Akvaryumda ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 y\u0131ld\u0131r. Akvaryumda do\u011fal \u00fcreme imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r, hormonal enjeksiyonlara ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nS\u0131cakl\u0131k = 22-28\u00b0CBotia histrionica<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Bak\u0131m ve besleme<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nBal\u0131klar\u0131n uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmalar\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olmalar\u0131 ve sahipleri her g\u00fcn memnun etmeleri i\u00e7in, beslerken birka\u00e7 kurala uyulmas\u0131 gereklidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nKaptaki su hacmi, yeti\u015fkin bireylerin maksimum b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilmelidir. Botialar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun s\u00fcr\u00fc bal\u0131klar\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve 5-7 birey halinde beslenmesi gerekti\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. 100 litrelik akvaryumlar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck temsilciler i\u00e7in (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Botia Pulchra) \u00e7ok uygun olacakt\u0131r, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00fcrler (Makrakanta Botia) i\u00e7in en az 200-300 litrelik bir akvaryuma ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Akvaryumda bir kapa\u011f\u0131n veya cam kapa\u011f\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerekir, baz\u0131 Botialar sudan atlayabilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Botialar dip bal\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r, yiyecek aramak i\u00e7in topra\u011fa kazmay\u0131 severler. Yiyecekleri a\u011f\u0131z bo\u015flu\u011funun yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan birka\u00e7 \u00e7ift hassas antenin yard\u0131m\u0131yla bulurlar. Bu nedenle, hassas dokunma organlar\u0131na zarar vermeyecek bir toprak se\u00e7mek gereklidir. Hem ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 hem de kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m halinde olmak \u00fczere kumlu alt tabakalar veya ince yuvarlakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015flar\u0131 en uygunu olacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Botia s\u00fcr\u00fclerinde genellikle s\u0131k\u0131 bir hiyerar\u015fi vard\u0131r. Bu genellikle akrabalarla ciddi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7ar. Sald\u0131rganl\u0131k seviyesini azaltmak i\u00e7in, Botialar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu akvaryumunda yeterli dip alan\u0131 ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7e\u015fitli bar\u0131naklar sa\u011flamak gerekir. Bunlar kayalar, a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fct\u00fckleri, yapay s\u00fcslemeler olabilir. Bu t\u00fcr bar\u0131naklar, zay\u0131f bal\u0131klar\u0131n bask\u0131n bireylerden kolayca saklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in imkan sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Botialar do\u011fada ortalama derecede ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan nehirlerde ya\u015farlar, bu nedenle oksijen bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin temiz sular\u0131 tercih ederler. Uygun filtreleme ve havaland\u0131rma seviyesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gereklidir. Akvaryumda suyun haftal\u0131k olarak (% 25-30) de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fi de unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Botialar tropikal bal\u0131klard\u0131r, sertlik seviyesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan (2-12 \u00b0 dGH) \u0131l\u0131k suyu (25-30\u00b0C) tercih ederler. Suyun pH de\u011feri 5.0 – 8.0 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n \u00c7o\u011fu Botia t\u00fcr\u00fc alacakaranl\u0131k bal\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r, yiyecek aramaya karanl\u0131kta giderler. Bu nedenle, akvaryuma parlak ayd\u0131nlatma kurulmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmez. Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131k en iyi se\u00e7im olacakt\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in, akvaryuma, onlar\u0131 suyun y\u00fczeyine da\u011f\u0131tacak olan geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 bitkilerin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Nymphea, Dev vallisneria vb.) dikilmesi gereklidir. Y\u00fczen t\u00fcrler de iyi bir se\u00e7im olacakt\u0131r \u2013 Ricciia, Pistia. Akvaryumu s\u00fcslemek i\u00e7in g\u00f6lgeye dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bitkiler uygundur \u2013 a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fct\u00fckleri \u00fczerinde harika g\u00f6r\u00fcnecek olan Anubiaslar,yosunlar, e\u011frelti otlar\u0131. Botialar g\u00fcnd\u00fczleri s\u0131rt \u00fcst\u00fc uyumay\u0131 severler, bu da \u00e7o\u011fu zaman deneyimsiz akvaristleri korkutur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\nYuvarlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015flar\u0131, Botialar i\u00e7in en iyi zemin topra\u011f\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Uyumluluk<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nBotialar bir\u00e7ok akvaristin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde, di\u011fer bal\u0131klar\u0131 ve kendi t\u00fcrlerini rahats\u0131z eden agresif bir bal\u0131k unvan\u0131na sahiptirler. Ama bu tamamen do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Asl\u0131nda, Botia bir s\u00fcr\u00fc bal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r ve tek ba\u015f\u0131na beslendi\u011finde sald\u0131rganl\u0131k olduk\u00e7a normal bir tepkidir. Bal\u0131k s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckse, m\u00fcnferit bireyler o kadar az \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Ayr\u0131ca akvaryumda \u00e7ok say\u0131da do\u011fal bar\u0131nak olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6nerileri de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\nBotialar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ortak bir akvaryumda bar\u0131naklar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nKom\u015fular\u0131 se\u00e7erken, Botian\u0131n olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck ve aktif bir bal\u0131k oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle, kom\u015fular\u0131n sald\u0131rgan olmamalar\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131 boyutta ve benzer bir mizaca sahip olmalar\u0131 gerekir. Melek Bal\u0131klar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli Barbus t\u00fcrleri, G\u00f6kku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Bal\u0131klar\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck canl\u0131 do\u011furan bal\u0131klar, Guramiler iyi bir se\u00e7im olacakt\u0131r. Botialar\u0131 pe\u00e7e y\u00fczge\u00e7leri olan bal\u0131klarla (Betalar, Japon Bal\u0131klar\u0131) bir arada beslememek gereklidir, Botialar pe\u00e7e y\u00fczge\u00e7leri \u0131s\u0131rabilirler. Ayr\u0131ca, Koridorlarla her zaman ge\u00e7inemezler, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Botialar genellikle onlar\u0131 rakip olarak kabul ederler. Botialar akvaryumda salyangozlar\u0131 yiyebilirler, Botialarla birlikte omurgas\u0131zlar\u0131n beslenmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyorsa bunun da dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Yemleme<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nBotialar\u0131n do\u011fal beslenmesi \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlidir. Bunlar; b\u00f6cekler, bunlar\u0131n larvalar\u0131 ve solucanlard\u0131r. Bal\u0131klar\u0131 ve canl\u0131 bitkilerin yumu\u015fak k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0131s\u0131rmay\u0131 severler. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, akvaryumda beslendiklerinde hayvansal ve bitkisel besinler aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi korumak zorunludur. Akvaristler Botilar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla taze sebzelerle beslerler: salatal\u0131k, kavun, kabak. Bu t\u00fcr \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n akvaryumdaki su kalitesini bozabilece\u011fini hat\u0131rlatmak gerek. Botialar\u0131 beslemek i\u00e7in iyi bir se\u00e7im, Tetra \u015eirketinin dip bal\u0131klar\u0131na \u00f6zel tablet yemleri olacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nTetra Tablets TabiMin – Hacimli tabletler h\u0131zla dibe iner veya uygun bir yere yerle\u015ftirilebilir, yava\u015f yava\u015f yumu\u015far, yemleri serbest b\u0131rak\u0131r, b\u00f6ylelikle, Botialar gibi dip bal\u0131klar\u0131 ve korkak bal\u0131klar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok uygundur. Yem, y\u00fcksek kaliteli hammaddeden \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir ve lezzetinin artmas\u0131 i\u00e7in karides i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Tetra Wafer Mix, dip bal\u0131klar\u0131 ve kabuklular i\u00e7in, h\u0131zla dibe inen sert plakalar \u015feklindeki dengeli bir yemdir. Artan karides ve alg spirulina i\u00e7eri\u011fi, yemleri \u00e7ok besleyici hale getirir ve organizman\u0131n direncini artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\nTabletler, yo\u011fun yap\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde, uzun s\u00fcre \u015fekillerini korur ve suyu bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rmazlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Botia t\u00fcrlerinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun karanl\u0131kta yemek yemeyi tercih etti\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r, bu nedenle, Botialar her zaman en sevdikleri yem i\u00e7in y\u00fczmeye haz\u0131r olsalar da, onlar\u0131, akvaryumdaki \u0131\u015f\u0131klar s\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra m\u00fcnferit olarak beslemek daha iyi olacakt\u0131r. Beslenme rejimini g\u00f6zlemlemek ve Botialar\u0131 belirli zamanlarda beslemek iyi olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>\u00dcretme<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nBotialar\u0131n \u00fcremesi \u015fu anda bile \u00e7ok az bilinmektedir, bu nedenle bu konuda bir\u00e7ok \u00e7eli\u015fkili bilgi bulunabilir. Ev akvaryumlar\u0131nda \u00fcretme, hormonal preparatlar kullan\u0131lmadan pek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Do\u011fal yumurtlama vakalar\u0131 son derece nadirdir ve her zaman belgeli olarak teyit edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zorluk, \u00f6ncelikle, do\u011fal ya\u015fam alan\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda yumurtlama \u00f6zellikleriyle ili\u015fkilidir. Botialarda \u00fcreme d\u00f6nemi genellikle tropikal b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 mevsime (Aral\u0131k \u2013 \u015eubat) d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu d\u00f6nemde nehirlerin seviyesi kat kat y\u00fckselmekte ve geni\u015f bir k\u0131y\u0131 alan\u0131 su alt\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 mevsimden birka\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce, Botialar nehirlerin \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 ederler, burada sazl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131nda yumurtlarlar. Botialarda yavru bak\u0131m\u0131 yoktur, yumurtalar\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131ktan sonra \u00fcreme yerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar ve bazen nehir boyunca 200-300 kilometreye kadar y\u00fczerek geri d\u00f6nerler. Yumurtalar, su bitkilerine yap\u0131\u015fana kadar y\u00fczeyde sakin bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcr\u00fcklenirler. D\u00fcnyaya gelen larvalar ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir planktonla beslenirler. \u0130ki ay i\u00e7inde boyutlar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 cm’ye ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00f6\u00e7 yolu boyunca, suyun hidrokimyasal parametrelerinin olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ve tekrar tekrar de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini belirtmek gereklidir. Ev ko\u015fullar\u0131nda Botialar\u0131n yumurtlamas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eden b\u00f6yle tutarl\u0131 bir de\u011fi\u015fimi yeniden \u00fcretmek olduk\u00e7a sorunludur. Bu nedenle, akvaryumda \u00fcretme i\u00e7in gonadotropik ila\u00e7lar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Botialarda cinsel dimorfizm zay\u0131f bir \u015fekilde ifade edilmektedir, yumurtas\u0131 olan cinsel olgunlu\u011fa eri\u015fmi\u015f olan di\u015filer erkeklerden daha dolgundur. Birka\u00e7 \u00fcreticiyi 24-26\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta beslemek iyi olacakt\u0131r. Bal\u0131klar fazla beslenmemelidir, d\u00fczenli oru\u00e7 g\u00fcnleri gereklidir. Enjeksiyon iki a\u015famada yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6nce ak\u015fam koryonik gonadotropin enjekte edilir, ertesi g\u00fcn asetonlu \u00e7ipura hipofiz enjekte edilir. Birka\u00e7 saat sonra di\u015fi yumurta b\u0131rakabilir. B\u0131rak\u0131lan yumurtalar, erke\u011fin s\u00fct\u00fc ile d\u00f6llenir. Di\u015finin ortalama do\u011furganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.000 yumurtad\u0131r. D\u00f6llenmeden sonra yumurtalar ayr\u0131 bir akvaryuma yerle\u015ftirilir. Yumurta h\u0131zla \u015fi\u015fer ve su kolonunda y\u00fczmeye ba\u015flar. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 26\u00b0C’lik bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, yumurta 20 saat sonra \u00e7atlar. \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra, yumurta sar\u0131s\u0131 kesesi bitti\u011finde, yavru Artemia nauplii yiyebilir. Botialarda b\u00fcy\u00fcme \u00e7ok yava\u015ft\u0131r, yavrular bir ayl\u0131k olana kadar 1,5 cm’ye bile ula\u015fmazlar. B\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e suyun sertli\u011fi kademeli olarak y\u00fckseltilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bal\u0131klar, end\u00fcstriyel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer \u00fclkelerine teslim edildikleri \u00f6zel \u00e7iftliklerde yeti\u015ftirilirler. Baz\u0131 Botia t\u00fcrleri, kendi aralar\u0131nda melezle\u015ferek ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 renkteki canl\u0131 melezleri olu\u015fturabilirler. G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00fclkelerinde yumurtlama d\u00f6neminde y\u00fczen Botia yumurtalar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 para kazanma imk\u00e2n\u0131d\u0131r. Toplanan yumurtalar bal\u0131k \u00e7iftliklerine teslim edilir ve buralarda sat\u0131\u015fa sunulacak olan tam te\u015fekk\u00fcll\u00fc bireyler yeti\u015ftirilir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, bu t\u00fcrdeki bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, Botialar\u0131n do\u011fal pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131nda azalmaya yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Cobitidae ailesi (“ger\u00e7ek \u00e7oprabal\u0131klar\u0131” olarak da bilinir. bkz. wikipedia.org) bal\u0131klar\u0131 akvaryumlarda \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n de\u011fildir. Bununla birlikte, Botia cinsinin temsilcileri d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hayran ordusuna sahiptir. Bu az say\u0131daki cins, boyut, renk ve davran\u0131\u015f bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren bir dizi t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7erir. Genel bilgiler Botialar, alacakaranl\u0131k bir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren dip s\u00fcr\u00fc bal\u0131klard\u0131r. Do\u011fru besleme ko\u015fullar\u0131nda […]\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":15201,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[168],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-balik"],"yoast_head":"\n
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